Negative Effects Of Ambition - 713 Words

Is ambition a good thing or a bad thing? Can you succeed without ambition? Ambition is a strong desire to do or to achieve a goal or something that is important to you. In Shakespeare’s â€Å"Macbeth† the main character uses ambition to make himself king but it also pushed him to do something that he wasn’t sure was the right thing to do. A sometimes ambition can be viewed to be more negative trait than positive. Ambition is a positive trait and it pushes you to achieve your goals, without ambition nothing would ever get done. It is ambition that drives and pushes individuals to accomplish their goals, ambition is a much more positive trait than negative without it nothing positive would ever get done. â€Å"Ambition is a major driver for†¦show more content†¦(Hume). This study proved that ambitious individuals had more success and in the long run of it and had an overall more successful life than the people without ambition. Many may think that ambitious people are selfish and never satisfied because they always want more. Ambition can help you lose all of your consistent habits and it pushes you to do everything that you want to change which can make you an overall happier. â€Å"...if you’re a lazy, sloppy drunk and then you decide to start doing something with your life, maybe you decide to become the mailman or you decide to be a banker or deliver groceries to old, that’s a good thing, the ambition is working for you.† This claim shows how you can use ambition to change almost anything, ambition pushes you to do/be anything you want. As long as you use the right amount of ambition, Ambition doesn’t take time away from your loved ones or the other important things.â€Å"You want to work for Greenpeace, you want to support your wife and children, you want to travel to Africa, you want to buy yourself your first real car, you want to clean the house, you want to start combin ing your hair and brushing your teeth, you want to be the kind of decent person that someone would invite over to their house for the weekend.† If you use your ambition to do good things with your family, then youre using the ambitionShow MoreRelatedNegative Effects Of Ambition973 Words   |  4 Pagesambitious be seen as both a positive and negative trait? Ambition is a strong desire to do or to achieve something, typically requiring determination and hard work. Ambition originated from the Middle English and early French with the meaning of â€Å"desire for power†, staying nearly consistent with todays meaning. Ambitious is usually a term to describe someone who is admirable, a leader and fascinating. Though being labeled ambitious can also be turned into a negative implication. Some may say that oneRead MoreFrankenstein and Blade Runner1063 Words   |  5 Pagescontrol. These texts were heavily influenced by the rapid growth of technology although reflecting differ ent eras. They highlight the dangers of excessive ambition and the threats to the natural world from different perspectives. Both Mary Shelley and Ridley Scott warn of the negative impacts that can come of the need for excessive ambition and control. Shelley composed ‘Frankenstein’ at the time of the Industrial Revolution, witnessing the growth of technology. Through the novel Shelley demonstratesRead MoreAmbition: To What Extent Is Best? Essay518 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"Ambition is the germ from which all growth of nobleness proceeds† - Ambition is the start of a journey that will help one achieve success in life. Having a desire to attain something requires strong ambition; it is an essential quality for human kind, but to some extent. It helps to reach a significant goal in life, but at the same time becoming too ambitious to obtain a desire is harmful. Basically, just like a coin has two sides, ambition also has two sides; optimistic side and a pessimistic sideRead MoreThe Theories Of Crime, Albert Cohen s Theory Of Delinquent Subcultures Essay1586 Words   |  7 PagesChapter II. Strain theory of terrorism of R. Agnew. (Agnew, 2010) â€Å"In sum, this research retests and builds on Agnew’s theory and argues that general strain theory can help terrorism studies to understand the sources of strains of terrorists and the effect of strains on their violent behavior. â€Å"( Mustafa Kayaoglu ) In the modern era, R. Agnew seems to be the leading researcher who most sharply translated terroristic behavior into a theory. He explains that terrorism is most likely to occur in a caseRead MoreMacbeth and Gladiator1379 Words   |  6 Pageson the negative consequences of ambition in the text Macbeth and in the film Gladiator directed by Ridley Scott and how it can lead to ones downfall. Macbeth is shown as the noble hero by the King after slaying the Thane of Cawdor and claiming victory in the war for Scotland, while Ridley Scotts Gladiator portrays Maximus as the noble hero but still not comparing to Macbeth like Commodus does in the film.    Shakespeare effectively focuses on the cynical repercussions of ambition in MacbethRead MoreExamples Of Ambition In Fight Club1294 Words   |  6 PagesI am Jack’s complete lack of ambition. Ambition can have a massive impact on an individuals life, whether it be in a positive or negative way. Throughout Chuck Palahniuk’s novel Fight Club, we see the character development of a nameless narrator who we call jack. Jack has almost no ambition at the beginning of the story. He works a job that he hates so that he can buy items he doesnt need, with hopes that one day this will complete his life. Further into this story we meet a character by the nameRead MoreThe More Factor Essay623 Words   |  3 Pagesdecency and contentment in America a positive rather negative. Shames suggests that in the 1800s Americas love of possession and want was born. The Wild west was a frontier that created opportunity which led to more. Shames uses the idea of expansion, the Wild West, and the frontier to take blame for creating a backward philosophy in which Americans have adopted a mind set where they havent stopped to adopt values, hopes, ambitions that have to do with things other than more. ShamesRead MoreAddiction In Macbeth1324 Words   |  6 PagesAmbition, The Great Killer And on Aug 11, 2014, Robin William laid dead on his apartment floor waiting to be found. Robin William, the profound actor, and beloved comedian propped his belt in between the door hinges and strangled himself to death with the loop of his black leather belt. When word broke loose about his suicide everyone wondered how a man so rich, so famous, so loved can even ponder on the thought of suicide. In 1978 young and ambitious Robin William got his first role on Mork AndRead MoreFrankenstein And The Psychologic And Moralistic Effects Of Community1521 Words   |  7 PagesFrankenstein and the Psychologic and Moralistic Effects of Community Dense, ominous storm cloud fill the night sky over the stone walls of a castle. Within the keep, a mad scientist goes to work with his instruments of horror. In his consuming madness, he hacks together decaying body parts on a grungy steel table. Grabbing rusted chains, the scientists hoists his creation to the sky. A tendril of lighting engulfs the elevated figure, stirring life inside it as its creator watches with psychotic screamsRead MoreAmbition in Macbeth1062 Words   |  5 PagesAmbition is often the driving force in one’s life. It can have an extremely dominant impact on not only yourself, but also many people in your surroundings. You have the ability to control if the outcomes either have a lasting negative or positive effect. When a goal requires determination and hard work to complete, personal morals often take a back seat to the aspiration of accomplishing the goal. In Shakespeare’s Macbeth, it is clear that like many other great leaders, Macbeth exempli fies the necessary

Should Kids Books be Banned Free Essays

Banning books blocks young children’s minds from real world information. By limiting their range of reading, their knowledge is lowered to a steady lull of comforting information. When they are pushed into situations relating to these topics, they are at a disadvantage. We will write a custom essay sample on Should Kids Books be Banned or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Clan of the Cave Bear is a perfect example of this situation. The Clan of the Cave Bear has very useful information on early human life. The Clan of the Cave Bear is about a young early homosapien named Ayla. Ayla got separated from her home when she was young. The time setting is prehistoric Europe. She is found by a group of traveling Neanderthals. These Neanderthals talk using hand signals and few sounds. The leader of the group in named Brun, he has two siblings, Creb The Mog-er (or spiritual magician), and Iza the medicine women. Brun also has a son named Broud. Alya quickly learns to speak. Creb decides her totem is the cave lion, which is rare for a woman. As time goes by Alya teaches her self how to hunt, which is forbidden by the Clan women. The clan goes to hunt mammoth and Alya is forced to use her weapon to protect a child of the clan. Because of this Alya is given the death curse for one month. She returns and is welcomed back into the clan. Broud hates Alya and rapes her. The clan does not have any connection with intercourse and birth. Ayla gives birth but her baby is a mix of Neanderthals and Homo sapiens. Her baby’s name is Durc. The clan goes to a gathering of ten clans of Neanderthals. When they return her mother Iza is sick and dies. There is an earthquake that destroys the clan’s cave, killing Creb. Since Broud is now leader he blames the earthquake on Alya and banishes her. Jean M. Auel is an inspiring author who researches thoroughly. Jean M. Auel grew up in Chicago. She was the second of five children. She later moved to Oregon with her husband Ray Auel. While working she raised she five children. Also at this time she earned an M. B. A. from the University of Portland. In 1980 her first book was published, The Clan of the Cave Bear. In 1982 The Valley of Horses followed. In 1985 her third novel The Mammoth Hunters was the first hardcover novel with a first printing of more than one million copies. Her next book, The Plains of Passage was published in 1990. In 2002, her fifth novel, The Shelters of Stone, debuted at #1 on bestseller lists in 16 countries. Her last book so far, The Land of Painted Caves was published in March 2011. One of Auel’s greatest prizes is the French government’s Ministry of Culture â€Å"Officer in the Order of Arts and Letters† medal. (â€Å"About Jean Auel. â€Å") All of her books were banned or challenge. Including The Clan of the Cave Bear. Auel’s response was that she â€Å"writes for adults. † (â€Å"‘Clan Of The Cave Bear’ Banned From A Library. â€Å") The first case was in 1993, when Tom Baldwin, a Moorpark school board member, fought to take Auel off the recommended reading list. (Auel). â€Å"The Clan of the Cave Bear. 3†) He argued that it had â€Å"explicit sexual content. (Maiella Jr. , James. ) His reasoning was looked over by a group of seven board members. His challenge was later denied. (Sova) The processes to challenge and ban a book are very different. 0. To challenge a book is to restrict the reading of that book. One must have a reason for challenging a book. Many challenged or banned books are accused of having: It is considered sexually explicit, used offensive language, and was unsuited to any age group. Challenging a book is stronger than just stating their opinion. For the most part, books that are challenged do not end up being banned. Books take much longer to be banned. There are usually are several cases of challenging of the book before it is banned. (â€Å"About Banned ;amp; Challenged Books. â€Å") Many people when discussing censor ship include the constitution in their arguments. 0. People need to be able to look over the details of books to find what the authors are actually trying to teach you. The Clan of the Cave Bear is a very informative and detailed book. People can learn so much about evolution from reading it. â€Å"When Brun saw a huge herd of bison, he was encouraged. They were the embodiment of his own totem† (Auel, Jean M). This quote shows the knowledge on early human life and their totems. The Clan of the Cave Bear is not just a story about Alya, but about early human life in general. Auel spent half of her time researching early humans. The other half was writing the actual books. If a child went through high school without any knowledge of evolution and early behavior of humans, they would be lacking a huge area of knowledge. Many people believe that banning is supported by the constitution, but others disagree. 0. One quote made by Sir Winston Churchill is â€Å"Every one is in favor of free speech. Hardly a day passes without it being extolled, but some people’s idea of it is that they are free to say what they like, but if anyone says anything back it is a outrage. † (Doyle, Robert P. Banned Books Challenging) In this quote he is saying that people think they are right and they do not want anyone arguing with them. This quote can be related to the banning of books. The people who ban books defend themselves by saying that it is supported by the constitution. However, when others show them quotes from the first amendment they are defensive. When people ban books they block the level of potential of the children who could have read it. . A Supreme Court case involving censorship was the Right to Read Defense Committee v. School Committee of the City of Chelsea case. In this case The Chelsea, Mass. School Committee â€Å"decided to bar from the high school library a poetry anthology† (â€Å"Notable†) The poem was Male and Female under 18. They claimed t hat it was an â€Å"offensive† and â€Å"damaging† poem. The poem was challenged in U. S. District Court. Joseph L. Tauro ruled: 0. â€Å"The library is ‘a mighty resource in the marketplace of ideas. ‘ There a student can literally explore the unknown, and discover areas of interest and thought not covered by the prescribed curriculum. The student who discovers the magic of the library is on the way to a life-long experience of self-education and enrichment. That student learns that a library is a place to test or expand upon ideas presented to him, in or out of the classroom. The most effective antidote to the poison of mindless orthodoxy is ready access to a broad sweep of ideas and philosophies. There is no danger from such exposure. The danger is mind control. The committee’s ban of the anthology Male and Female  is enjoined. † (â€Å"Notable First Amendment Court Cases. â€Å") If people ban books their minds can be altered to a false reality. They can have a different and crippled knowledge of the world. When put with the people who were not censored they have a strong difference in information. A quote expressing exactly this is: â€Å"Students in any high school in which there kinds of books are banned will likely graduate with little or no experience with contemporary fiction and unprepared for college-level study† (Bertin, Joan). What Bertin is saying is that the censored children will be unprepared for real world activities. His quote is a perfect for discussing the banning and censorship of the children How to cite Should Kids Books be Banned, Papers

Kelly Turner Essay Example For Students

Kelly Turner Essay Intro to Theatre TH102Reaction Paper #111/04/03 Bat Boy: The MusicalThe play Bat Boy: The Musical is the product of an historic alliancebetween the Weekly World News and three authors from Los Angeles. Thiswonderful production combines the journalism of the Weekly World News withthe power of song. Its a creative theatrical production based on thealleged sightings of a mysterious bat child, half-boy and half-bat,reported by tabloid newspapers. The protagonist of the production is the Bat Boy. We see him go throughmany changes throughout the course of the play. In the beginning he appearsas a scared and strange creature. He then transforms into what he sees tobe a regular boy, but reality comes back to him quickly as he realizes hewill never be a typical human boy. I felt that the antagonist of the playwas Dr. Thomas Parker. Its difficult for me to make a choice on thisbecause everyone at one time or another was opposing the Bat Boy. The play was communicated through many different elements. Dialogue waspresented with spoken language in sometimes extreme ways. The use oflanguage volume helped to get many points of excitement and anger across tothe audience. Action in this play helped us to see the fear of the Bat Boyfrom the very beginning. His rapid movement across the stage and theshaking of his cage are examples of how the Bat Boy showed us the fear hefelt. The use of props such as smelly smoke pellets were also used to helpthe audience get a sense of what it would be like to be near the Bat Boy. Music and dance were also used as a main tool to communicate the feelingsand motives in the play. This production is a farcical comedy that moves nicely from slapstick todrama. It is full of witty dialogue and songs, tabloid worthy plot twists,and feigned seriousness .I feel that the play was straightforward. I couldsee where some audience members might not feel the same. It has many ideasthat I believe have deeper meaning. The production was humorous,startling, absurd and sometimes frightening. The plot of the play was very interesting. I had no idea what type ofstory line a playwright could create with such a topic as a Bat Boy. I wasextremely impressed with the creative premise of this production. As anaudience member I could tell from the very beginning that this would be adramatic play with an intense plot. The emergent meaning was well done. Asthe play begins and the teenage siblings locate the Bat Boy in the cave,you see that he is not human by his action of biting the young girl. Thekids bring the boy back to town, hoping the creature will be destroyed. Fortunately for the musicals plot the sheriff delivers him to the localveterinarian, whose family takes an instant liking to him. They decide totame him. The humor of the story continues quickly as the boy becomesmore human than bat like. The town reacts with negativity, than with apositive attitude, than negative again. He soon discovers the secret of hisorigin. The Bat Boy character is played with an awesome display ofphysicality and voice as he climbs around the stage and delivers musicalnumbers with a terrific voice. I felt that every character worked. They alltied the plays plot together. Each one helped the audience to get a feelingof suspense and each one brought humor to the play. The use ofcollaborative art to bring this production to the stage at Washburn wasoutstanding. The enactment of the scenes by every character in the play wasincredible. .uc513ddbdf0e3cf5a590a3bfdf72f8415 , .uc513ddbdf0e3cf5a590a3bfdf72f8415 .postImageUrl , .uc513ddbdf0e3cf5a590a3bfdf72f8415 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc513ddbdf0e3cf5a590a3bfdf72f8415 , .uc513ddbdf0e3cf5a590a3bfdf72f8415:hover , .uc513ddbdf0e3cf5a590a3bfdf72f8415:visited , .uc513ddbdf0e3cf5a590a3bfdf72f8415:active { border:0!important; } .uc513ddbdf0e3cf5a590a3bfdf72f8415 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc513ddbdf0e3cf5a590a3bfdf72f8415 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc513ddbdf0e3cf5a590a3bfdf72f8415:active , .uc513ddbdf0e3cf5a590a3bfdf72f8415:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc513ddbdf0e3cf5a590a3bfdf72f8415 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc513ddbdf0e3cf5a590a3bfdf72f8415 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc513ddbdf0e3cf5a590a3bfdf72f8415 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc513ddbdf0e3cf5a590a3bfdf72f8415 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc513ddbdf0e3cf5a590a3bfdf72f8415:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc513ddbdf0e3cf5a590a3bfdf72f8415 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc513ddbdf0e3cf5a590a3bfdf72f8415 .uc513ddbdf0e3cf5a590a3bfdf72f8415-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc513ddbdf0e3cf5a590a3bfdf72f8415:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Communitarianism vs. cosmopolitanism EssayThe visual elements of the performance truly brought this play together. The choreography was outstanding and eye catching. The scenic design is awonderful blend of cave vs. civilization. The costumes were simple enoughfor the audience to focus on the character as a whole and simple enough forquick, easy changes by wearing a different hat for example. The lightingdesign gives the audience a wonderful feel in each scene. I loved thesequence when the audience is blinded with lights. The music in Bat Boy wasextremely entertaining. The kind of catchy music you cant get out of yourhead even after your long gone from the theatre. The music explored rap,hoe down, and gospel and the ballads were wonderfully sappy. I believe thatall of these elements of spectacle and music helped enhance the meaning ofthis play. This play contained so many elements of theatricalism. It employed vividimagery throughout. The scene where Bat Boy is eating the cow head is agood example. Heightened language took place throughout the production. This play also called attention to the mechanics of the theatre. Theperformers themselves came on and off the stage in order to move the props. This production of Bat Boy was wonderful. I beleive that the playwrightwas trying to get the point across to the audience that we all contain adark side and that we need to accept this fact. Maybe he believes that weall have a Bat Boy inside of us.

Students Should Not Face Mandatory Drug-Tests Essay Example

Students Should Not Face Mandatory Drug-Tests Essay Parents cannot monitor their children the whole time, and not even the school can do this. Sometimes parents and school authorities are surprised upon learning that their children and students are involved in some dangerous activities such as binging and taking drugs. Concerned authorities have come up with programs to prevent this kind of situation. One of these is the mandatory drug-tests at school. Mandatory drug-tests may sound optimistic. But students should not face these mandatory drug-tests because these are against the notion of privacy and these do not effectively deter drug use among students. Substance abuse is a reality that plagues students. Peer pressure added to the curiosity of students to try taking drugs or drinking alcoholic beverages. Past and recent researches on teen substance abuse revealed surprising results. Over the years the number of cases of substance use on drugs such as marijuana, nicotine, and other illicit drugs has been increasing. It was predicted in 1997 that by 2010, the number of teenagers using drugs would increase from 23.6 million in 2000 to 25 million by 2010. Reasons for the surge in drug use were pointed out as, among others, the glamorization of drug use in the media which indicates the normalization of drinking, smoking and drug use. Additionally, there was a significant decline in the perception of the risks associated with drug use by teenagers. The availability of substances such as cigarettes, drugs and alcohol has also contributed to the increase of drug use (Commission on Substance Abuse Among America’s adolescents, 1997). T hese are the reasons that prompted the government to mandate drug testing at schools. The former president Bush has especially set aside budget for drug testing at schools. We will write a custom essay sample on Students Should Not Face Mandatory Drug-Tests specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Students Should Not Face Mandatory Drug-Tests specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Students Should Not Face Mandatory Drug-Tests specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Bush’s Policy During the 2004 State of the Nation address, Bush indicated his desire to expand student drug testing. For the same year, the government has spent $50 billion for anti-drug programs in the federal, state and local levels. Bush, together with John Walters, Director of the White House Office of National Drug Control Policy, proposed to allot $25 million for the expansion of student drug testing in schools. This proposition stemmed from Bush’s belief that drug testing has indeed reduced the number of drug use among students and teenagers in general. However, experts have reported that due to the small number of schools which participate in the random drug testing, any reduction in drug use among teenagers is not a direct result of drug testing (Martins, 2004). To further his agenda, Bush proposed a $3.7 billion budget for drug treatment. Mandatory Drug-Tests are against Privacy Mandatory drug-testing has further received attention during the Vernonia School District v. Acton Supreme Court decision in 1995. During those times, school sports were seen as having prominent effects and student athletes were admired not just in the school but in the community as well. By 1980s, school authorities have observed an increase in drug use. Those who use drugs became more outspoken about their attraction to the drug culture and became increasingly rude during their classes. Additionally, school authorities noticed that student athletes were leading the drug culture (American Documentary, Inc., 2003). As a response to the growing problem, school authorities offered special classes and presentations, and invited speakers to deter drug use. Even if the school has gone as far as bringing in a dog to detect drugs, the problems did not disappear. Then, district officials have considered issuing a drug testing program aiming to keep student athletes from using drugs and to keep them healthy and safe. The drug testing would require students who wanted to participate in extracurricular activities such as sports, to sign a waiver. This was contested by a seventh grade student named James Acton, who, along with his parents, refused to sign the consent form. Without the form, the school denied Acton participation in football. Acton and his family filed suit (American Documentary, Inc., 2003). The Supreme Court decision included the students’ undergoing drug tests if they were to get involved in athletic programs. The decision also gave importance to the rights of students to privacy ( Walker, 2005). However, this is not the case with random drug testing. Under the U.S. Constitution, a person is innocent until proven guilty. Moreover, he is entitled to privacy. But with mandatory drug-testing, these two lessons are undermined. Mandatory drug-testing depicts that a student is assumed as guilty until his drug test result shows that he is clean; it does not give importance to the student’s right to privacy. Additionally, many considered the way the state implemented the drug test as both offensive to personal dignity and destructive of students’ privacy (Martins, 2004). Furthermore, the mandatory drug testing has included non-athletes. Across the United States, debates have risen regarding this action. For instance, a teenager in Oklahoma, a member of the high school choir, refused to take the drug test. Many were asking whether drug testing was going as far as prying into the private lives of students (Trustees of Boston University, 2002). As every American citizen is included in the constitutional right to privacy, attention has been focused on the question whether these mandatory drug tests were in fact illegal searches. Parents, and those who disagree with mandatory drug testing, still believe that even if these tests are permissible searches, these are still invasion of privacy (LaFollette, n.d.). This is also what a supreme court justice expressed regarding an Oklahoma policy in implementing drug testing. Mandatory drug-tests are invasion of privacy. In fact, these drug-tests may steer students, especially those who are at risk of substance abuse, away from extracurricular participation (Gunja, Cox, Rosenbaum, and Appel, 2004). Mandatory Drug Tests do not Deter Drug Use Yamaguchi, Johnston, and O’Malley conducted a research study regarding the effectiveness of mandatory drug tests. The study found out that drug test is â€Å"not a strong predictor of students’ marijuana or other drug use.† The schools are also burdened by the expensiveness of undergoing such drug tests while there were reported cases of false positive results (Walker, 2005). There are some people who believe that drug tests are not helpful in schools whether public or private (The Associated Press, 2006). This reflected in another study which showed that drug testing was not effective in deterring the use of drugs. The largest study showed that drug testing does not have positive effects in the attitudes of students about drugs. Furthermore, the study found out, as mentioned above, that the strongest predictor of drug use is their attitude toward use of drugs and their perceptions of peer use. The results of this study were in agreement with other studies and surveys conducted regarding the effectiveness of mandatory drug testing (Gunja, Cox, Rosenbaum, and Appel, 2004). The study has also compiled several schools and parents who oppose the mandatory drug-tests. One official in a school in Oklahoma reasoned out that the school stopped drug testing because it was not an effective deterrent of drug use and the school was spending too much for it. Another official indicated that drug testing was more of a parental responsibility. It was also noted that parents oppose the mandatory drug-tests because of so many factors such as budgets, loss of focus on education, and the possibility of creating a threatening environment for the children. There were also others who firmly believe that urine-testing, one of the drug-test types, was invasion of privacy. This would only enable students to think that the school is policing them instead of teaching them how to think critically. Some parents have also expressed their concern about the lack of health community participation due to the implementation of mandatory drug testing. The authors of the study have also t aken note that school officials chose not to implement drug testing because of the burden it places on schools and students. Furthermore, officials reasoned out that the mandatory drug testing does not really lead to safer environment for students. Experts have also seen the effects that implementing a mandatory drug testing had on students. One expert argued that the more effective alternative to deter drug use is effective substance abuse prevention programs. Moreover, the drug testing that was originally physicians’ tool in diagnosing and treating substance abuse has been used for non-medical purposes (Gunja, Cox, Rosenbaum, and Appel, 2004). Furthermore, concerned social workers, physicians and child advocates believe that drug testing is not a replacement for other drug prevention programs such as extracurricular activities. Organizations that represent these groups have come forward to oppose drug testing programs in court. Some of these organizations include the National Education Association, the National Association of Social Workers, the American Public Health Association, and the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence. They stated that drug testing could interfere with other treatment and prevention measures that are more effective than drug testing (Gunja, Cox, Rosenbaum, and Appel, 2004). The study also noted that drug testing cast negative impacts inside the classroom as students are pitted against their teachers who conduct the testing. The relationship between teacher and student is tarnished, and trust is lost as students tend to feel embarrassed and resentful. This would undermine chances for students to solve their problems, especially drug-related ones. Furthermore, the study claimed, according to the results, that drug testing hinders the students’ willingness to participate in extracurricular activities. Drug testing is directly targeting those who want to participate in extracurricular activities. The Tulia Independent School, which faced lawsuits about privacy and confidentiality, observed that the number of students who join after-school activities decreased when the drug testing was implemented. Certain students reported that they would be too embarrassed to be drug-tested, thus many backed out (Gunja, Cox, Rosenbaum, and Appel, 2004). Since the mandatory drug-tests was put to practice, many people, including students, parents, school officials, social workers, and experts, expressed their concerns regarding the effects that the tests have on students and the school. Students should not face mandatory drug-tests because these violate the students’ privacy rights. Furthermore, drug-tests indicate that a student is guilty until proven innocent. Additionally, students should not face mandatory drug-tests because these do not deter the use of drugs. There are other programs that are more effective than drug-tests in deterring drug use.

Factors Affecting the Quality of Selection Decision

Factors Affecting the Quality of Selection Decision Introduction Managers are charged with the responsibility of undertaking various managerial roles which include planning, controlling, organizing, directing and staffing. Through staffing, an organization is able to have the right workforce. According to Deb (2007, p.165), the success of an organization is dependent on the quality of its employees.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Factors Affecting the Quality of Selection Decision specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To achieve this, human resource managers are required to undertake comprehensive staffing by considering all the necessary processes. One of these processes is selection which involves choosing candidates who are fit or most suitable to undertake a certain job in the organization (Berman, Bowman West, 2010, p.110). Therefore, for a firm to succeed, the candidates selected must portray a high degree of competence. Currently, the selection process is increasi ngly becoming sophisticated. As a result, employers are adopting testing techniques in addition to interviews in an effort to enhance reliability of the selection decision. However, the selection process and quality of selection decisions is influenced by a number of factors. Despite this, human resource managers are required to ensure that the selection process is effective by integrating the concepts of validity and reliability. For example, in making the selection decision, employers are required to take into account equality and diversity when compiling the shortlist. By short-listing, a firm is able to identify candidates who closely fit the desired personnel (Elearn Limited, 2007, p.73). However, some inconsistencies might arise during the short-listing process leading to a decline in the validity of the selection process. Factors affecting the quality of selection decision There are a number of factors which influence the quality of the selection decision. The first factor is the type of personnel which the organization is searching from the labor market. In their selection process, human resource managers must ensure that they select the right candidates for the right job. According to Elearn Limited (2007, p.32), this plays a vital role in the long term success of a firm irrespective of its size and sector. In addition, this aids in avoiding misplacing candidates (Moore, 2007, p.109). For example, if a firm is seeking a candidate to fill a post in the managerial position, the selection process is likely to be very comprehensive compared to when it is looking for an individual to fill a subordinate position. This arises from the fact that the manager will be required to make decisions on diverse circumstances.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Secondly, the source of human resource coupled with the method used in contacting the candidat es also affects the selection decision. For example, if the firm recruited by advertising, there is a high probability that selection process will be comprehensive. On the other hand other forms of recruitment such as campus recruitment take minimal time (Elearn Limited, 2009, p.1995). Thirdly, the other factor which influences the selection process is the number of candidates who have applied for the job. Personal experience and observation My experience and observation from the selection exercise is that the type of personnel being sought is a key factor that influences the selection process and decision making. This is due to the fact that it influences the personnel selected determines whether the selection process was successful or not. If the position being filled requires more responsibility, then the selection process becomes more complex. This means that the selection strategy varies depending on the nature of the job. One of the ways through which a firm can achieve this i s by undertaking a qualitative analysis on candidates. The analysis should be aimed at evaluating the characteristics and qualities of the personnel required to do the job. During the selection process, a firm should ensure that it establishes a balance between personnel and job requirement. Some of the issues which should be considered include the candidates’ experience, personality orientation and his or her qualification. According to Lundy and Cowling (1996, p.230), it is vital for human resource managers to have sufficient knowledge in order to determine the type of selection instrument to use. As a result, managers should make an effective decision on the type of tools to use when evaluating the candidates’ appropriateness for the job. This is due to the fact that the tools used have an effect on its effectiveness. That is, it determines whether reliability and validity will be attained. Reliability of the instrument used forms the foundation of attaining validit y. When using tests to select the candidates, the human resource manager must ensure that the instrument being used is error free. Depending on the type of personnel being sought, it is important to used different test instruments.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Factors Affecting the Quality of Selection Decision specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The resultant effect is that the reliability of the selection process is enhanced (Gatewood, Feild Barrick, 2008, p. 503). In addition, the instrument being used to select the personnel should be linked with the variables of the candidate and that of the job. Use of comprehensive selection tools such as interviews aids in making effective selection decisions. The resultant effect is that job performance is improved. Colleges and universities form a significant source of labor especially for entry level professions (Jakckson Mathis, 2008, p.208). However, there are a numbe r of factors which can influence college selection. For example, college selections may be expensive. This arises from the fact that the organization might not necessarily require employees with degrees to fill such positions. The resultant effect is that the firm may select candidates who require to be paid at a high rate. Additionally, the firm may experience a high rate of turnover. This is due to the fact that the selected candidates might leave the job in the event that they find it not sufficiently challenging (Mathis Jackson, 2008, p. 208). This means that the reliability of college recruitment is minimal. Additionally, in the event that there is a high supply in the labor market, it is prudent for a firm to consider recruiting from unsolicited resumes. This is due to the fact that it makes the selection process to be cost effective in addition to increasing the probability of shortlisting candidates who are highly qualified. When a firm selects candidates by advertising, th ere is a high probability that the unqualified will also apply for the job. This tends to create a burden for the human resource manager. The resultant effect is that reliability of the selection process is reduced since the firm has to review a large number of resumes (Bohlander Snell, 2010, p.191). If a large number of candidates have applied, a firm is forced to adopt a more comprehensive selection decision. To achieve this, human resource managers should use different filtering points so as to reduce the number of candidates. In the filtering process, the human resource manager examines all the applicants in order to eliminate non-contenders.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These include all the candidates who are unqualified. All the candidates who meet the listed criteria should be short listed. This gives a firm an opportunity to have a large number of candidates to choose from. The resultant effect is that the probability of the firm selecting the most appropriate personnel is increased. During this process, the prospective candidate is acquainted with all the necessary information regarding the firm and the job. On the other hand, the firm obtains information regarding the candidates, skills, experience, education qualification, and salary expectations. This process aids in determining whether the candidate is worthwhile. Candidates who meet the requirements successfully are forwarded to the selection team. These candidates are shortlisted for consideration. The initial interview is conducted so as to further eliminate some candidates. The remaining candidates are further interviewed so as to make a final decision. Conclusion The selection process confirmed the formal knowledge I have acquired on the factors which affect the selection process and decision making. These include the type of candidate being sought, the source of candidates and the number of candidates to be selected. From my observation, it is paramount for human resource managers to consider these factors. This is due to the fact that they affect the reliability and validity of the selection decision adopted hence determining the success or failure of the selection process. Reference List Berman, E., Bowman, J. West, J., 2010. Human resource management in public  service: paradoxes, processes and problems. Los Angeles: Sage Publications. Bohlander, G. Snell, S., 2010. Managing human resources. Mason: South Western Cengage Learning. Deb, T., 2007. Strategic approach to human resource management. New York: Atlantic Publishers. Elearn Limited. 2007. Management extra. Oxford; Elsevier. Elearn Limited. 2009. Recruitment and selection. Amsterdam: Elsevier. Gatew ood, R., Feild, H. Barrick, M., 2008. Human resource selection. Mason, Ohio: Thomson. Lundy, O. Cowling, A., 1996. Strategic human resource management. New York: Routledge. Mathis, R. Jackson, H., 2008. Human resource management. Mason: Thomson Southwestern. Moore, R., 2007. Selecting the right manufacturing improvement tools: what tool?  When? Burlington, MA: Elsevier Butterworth Heinemann.

A Dolls House as a Naturalistic Play

Henrik Ibsen was a nineteenth century playwright who is known for his great depiction of social reality. Ibsen was born in Norway; however he worked in different countries to earn a living. His plays are the most frequently performed after the ones of Shakespeare. One of his most popular plays, which we have studied as a part of the â€Å"Modern Drama† class, is called A Doll’s House. The following essay will try to demonstrate with detailed explanations and references to the play that its content is a Naturalistic one. First of all, we will define what Naturalism is. Secondly, we will look at how the definition applies to A Doll’s House. Thirdly, we will compare it with another play: The Cherry Orchard by Anton Chekhov. Naturalism is often based on the theory of evolution of Charles Darwin. Naturalist authors frequently want to show how people are predestined to live a certain way as they are prisoners of the social hierarchies created by men. John Rahn points out this affirmation in his article on Naturalism: â€Å"The dominant theme of Naturalist literature is that persons are fated to whatever station in life their heredity, environment, and social conditions prepare them for. The power of primitive emotions to negate human reason was also a recurring element.† (Rahn, 2011) Naturalism is a type of literature that attempts to apply scientific ideologies of objectivity and detachment to its study of human beings. It focuses not only on the characters, but on the way they react to unusual situations. Naturalists try to recreate human nature through fiction that is to say that the novel or play is a creation through observation of humans living in society. Some have criticized Naturalists to only show a pessimistic side of human nature. In Ibsen’s A Doll’s House we can easily conclude that the content is Naturalistic by, first, looking at the monologues and dialogues. For example, the way Nora speaks when she addresses Torvald is different than when she speaks with other characters. The fact that, in the 1880s, men were considered dominant and had power over their wife is a sign that it is the way a women would behaved towards her husband; she would have been respectful and always at his service. The author of A Doll’s House was concerned with the way women were treated back in his days: â€Å"Ibsens concerns about the position of women in society are brought to life in A Dolls House. He believed that women had a right to develop their own individuality, but in reality, their role was often self-sacrificial.† (Unknown, 2014) Women were not treated as equals with men, either in relation to their husbands or society, as is clear from Torvalds horror of his employees thinking he has been influenced in a decision about Krogstads job by his wife. However, when Nora speaks with Krogstad, she does not use the same tone and she is a lot more straightforward responding to his accusations. Since Krogstad is Torvald’s employee, Nora feels more inclined to not take him seriously and to argue. Even though Krogstad is a man, Nora is on top of him in the social hierarchy since her husband has power over Krogstad. Depending on the epoch, words and behaviour have more or less power. This also depends on who is reading the text. In the case of A Doll’s House we can understand from the way Nora acts, that her behaviour might not be well perceived by a 1880s audience, however in the present era her behaviour would not be as shocking. Still, the way Nora acts in whatever period in history is part of the human nature that wants to be free. As for the other characters, Torvald is a banker whose vanity will lead to his downfall and cause him to lose the love of his life. Dr. Rank is the only character that treats Nora as an intelligent human being, however he wants something in return (her love) which makes Nora more reticent to share her flaw with him. Mrs. Linden is a tragic figure at first since she is a widow and women did not usually work during the 1880s, but she gets hired at the bank and starts a new life with Krogstad. All of these characteristics are typical to a Naturalistic play because everyone stands where he/she belongs according to the social conventions of the time. If we compare Ibsen’s A Doll’s House to Chekhov’s The Cherry Orchard we can notice the similarities through the patterns of the Naturalist movement. As mentioned earlier: â€Å"The dominant theme of Naturalist literature is that persons are fated to whatever station in life their heredity, environment, and social conditions prepare them for. †(Rhan , 2011) In A Doll’s House, Nora is fated for the almost unique reason that she is a woman in a particular time in history, which makes her role as a mother and wife the most sacred thing for a woman at that time and deprives her of the freedom that man have. In The Cherry Orchard, the people of the Bourgeoisie are fated to become useless since capitalism is taking over and businesses are now richer than they are and can afford to buy lands and earn power through their possessions. In both plays there is a peripeteia also called â€Å"reversal† which is typical to Naturalistic drama. In A Doll’s House the peripeteia occurs when Nora decides to leave her husband to learn about herself, Torvald ends up alone not understanding what happened and at the same time Krogstad and Mrs. Linden decide to get back together to help one another through . In The Cherry Orchard the peripeteia is plain to understand as the Bourgeois culture comes to an end while a serf takes over the land since he has climbed the echelons and became a businessman. To continue, in A Doll’s House there is the character of Nora that is in some way a proto-feminist character and that was pretty revolutionary back in the days for a woman to quit everything and become autonomous. In The Cherry Orchard, that revolutionary character would be Trofimov whose idealistic convictions make him an interesting character to reflect upon. Naturalistic playwrights want the audience to see human nature through their eyes and make them rethink what is normally considered as right or wrong. These often â€Å"avant-garde† characters are there to make the audience react to their monologues and reflect upon what they have heard. Finally, we can notice that the play A Doll’s House by Henrik Ibsen is a Naturalistic play from the definition that is given of Naturalism. By looking at the dialogues and monologues we can recognize that everyone is at their place, there are no inverted roles, the social hierarchy is respected and humans are being humans. In comparison to Chekhov’s The Cherry Orchard, we can identify similarities from the typical unfolding of a Naturalistic play as the character are predestined to remain where life has put them, but also because of the typical â€Å"reversal† (peripeteia) that occurs in both plays. The intention of Naturalist playwright is regularly to make their audiences look at themselves in the mirror and realize the flaws of human nature.

Discription of three habitats Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discription of three habitats - Essay Example lowing water and since it transports rocks and sediments downstream, sand, rock and woody debris are seen at the banks and toward the end of the river. Vegetation at the banks appears deep rooted, since it remains anchored even as water flows by. Unlike in a river, where water is constantly flowing, a swamp is a wetland area where water partially or completely submerges vegetation for the greater part of the year. Swamp water flows at a slow rate and it actually seems stagnant. The edges of a swamp are covered with sedges or reeds, which look like long straw grass. The elevated areas within a swamp, which are drier than the watered areas, have trees. The land seems marshy in the relatively dry areas. A lake is basically defined as a body of freshwater surrounded by land. This implies that the lake is characterized by open water. A lake has suspended organisms like plankton. On its banks, where there is sedimentation of sand or soil and organic matter accumulation, there are floating but rooted aquatic plants like smartweeds and water lilies. These floating plants provide support and food for many herbivores that live around the

Romanticism And Realism Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Romanticism And Realism - Assignment Example Therefore, even though not necessary or fundamental to Romanticism, but so extensive as to be normative, was a sturdy solid belief and awareness in the significance of nature. It later on, â€Å"allowed it to push painting about out of the focus of art.† Romanticism, for a time, dominated art, particularly in France during the later periods of the 1700s and the early 1800s. Then, at about the middle of the nineteenth century, the effect of many societal dynamisms caused artistic palate to change from idealistic romanticism to realism, starting in France in the 1850s. Realism in France emerged subsequent to the 1848 Revolution. These realists put themselves straight against romanticism. The emotional and exaggerated qualities of Romanticism began to break up European art. (S. Decline of Romanticism: End of the Century, Turn of the Century. Akadà ©miai Kiadà ³, 1970, p. 1) After a time of a loosened form of the expression and depiction of subjects in art, there was a tightening that occurred. At large, realists concentrated more on ordinary, run-of-the-mill characters, situations, places, problems, and objects, all in a "true-to-life" method or approach in depicting it. Realists discarded exaggerated or melodramatic portrayal or depiction of emotion, grand subjects, in favor of commonplace motifs or themes. After a time, artists like Monet and others started to feel that actual realism did not truly present the creative nature of the emotion. They grew exhausted of producing art for the rich and desired something much more. Simplicity substituted technique and method. Thus, they showed the impression of the scene, allowing the realism to be interpreted by the viewer. This movement that arose from Realism is known as Impressionism. Realism during the 1800s also supported an art movement called Naturalism, as a response to the exaggerated representations of themes in Romanticism. Indeed, Romanticism and realism were

Global Environmental Issues Essay Example for Free

Global Environmental Issues Essay Global environmental issues, such as climatic change, global warming, pollution, species extinction and destruction of tropical rain forests hold unique place among other major international problems as it is one area that has transformative, comprehensive and long term impact on the future of entire world. For over a decade now the subject of these issues have become the common platform for intellectuals citizens, scientists, social organizations, and political and economic leaders from different parts of world to converge, assess and determine the possible ways to contain and mitigate its threat, that poses an unprecedented risk to the functioning and perhaps very survival of humanity. Climatic change, rain forest destruction and global warming are all interrelated issues, borne from same cause of increase in population and consumption. The empirical instances of these problems have been already factually corroborated in late in 1980s and early 1990s (Paterson, 1996). The years since 1987 started to show the veracity of these predictions as global average annual temperature soared higher every passing year and 1998 became the warmest year in the recorded years. More ominously, the second and third most warmest years in recorded history were 1995 and 1993, confirming to scientists, environmentalists and people that the rise in global temperature was not a sudden phenomena, or an aberration, but a systematic process that would compound in the absence of any effective policy and action (Johansen, 2002). Meanwhile, the destruction of Amazon and African rain forests have further compounded the problem, causing the environmental conditions to deteriorate more rapidly. Issues of climatic change and global warming have assumed international proportion as people have started to realized that the warming is a consequence of the largely unstructured paradigm of development, consumption, and growth followed over past 200 years, a problem that has been deeply embedded in the socio-cultural and economic system of the world (Uzawa, 2003). Despite the fact that there are many people over the world who would readily associate United States as the whole sole perpetrator of emission of greenhouse gases and global warming, United States has been among the leading campaigners to instituting policy change and corrective actions on the most comprehensive and global level to tackle the problem. The threats arising from global warming are bound to affect US’ economic and public interests with same intensity as they would affect that of any other country (Fleagle, 1994). Changing sea-level, intensification of storms, and climatic change have presented real threats for the United States and it is pressed for a domestic as well international solution (Uzawa, 2003). The problems with US are that its complex economic interests, industrial structure and societal framework doesn’t allow it to implement any drastic measures that may force a possible economic collapse (Victor, 2001). Under these strenuous complications, the US government is trying to come up with a policy for large scale institutional change and economic streamlining that aims to incorporate environmental costs as part of the economy and the society.

Schizophrenia and the Brain Essay -- Mental Health, Diseases

Over the last few decades Schizophrenia has become embedded in mainstream vernacular as any behavior or emotional response that is out of touch with reality. However even with its popularity heightened through movies and headline news stories, schizophrenia is still one of the most enigmatic and least understood disorders of the brain. With current research focused on the role of neurobiology and functioning on a cellular level, investigative analysis has merited new innovations towards its source, however a single organic cause for the disorder still eludes scientists. Although the foundation of the affliction is still unknown, its effects are well documented and over the next few pages will show the changes in the brain as the disease develops, and how those alterations impact the rest of the body and alter various other functions throughout the viscera. The term Schizophrenia was first coined in 1911 by Swiss psychiatrist Dr. Eugen Bleuler and translates from the original Greek as schizo (split) and phrene (mind), making a literal translation of split-mind, in reference to the disjointed thinking of those with the disease (Johnstone, 1994). Although the term was first used in the early twentieth century, according to scholars a ‘madness’ was described in The Ebers Papyrus, a collection of ancient Egyptian medical papers dating back to 1550 BC, which accurately depicts some of schizophrenia’s symptoms (Johnstone, 1994). With its possible documentation over three millennia ago and its symptoms documented in a myriad of medical journals throughout history, the disorder itself is very rare. Those who are at the highest risk of manifestation are offspring whose parents are both schizophrenic, although even at this rate the risk o... ...hrenia is unique disorder that affects the brain in many ways, yet manifests itself differently from person to person. As there is no tangible rubric for how the disorder will impact the person, it can be a difficult illness to treat. Its effects on the brain, from enlarged ventricles to a decline in dendrite spines, shows the major impact the illness can have on living a normal life. Although the disorder afflicts just over fifty-eight million people worldwide it is still devastating to those who are affected and while the medical community makes leaps and bounds in understanding the disease, a cure is still far from the horizon. With psychology grant money from universities being invested predominantly in neuropsychology, perhaps sometime in the near future scientists will be able to fully understand this illness and find a successful and permanent cure for it.

People Who Are Making a Difference in the World

PEOPLE WHO ARE MAKING A DIFFERENCE IN THE WORLD Thurday 12/03/09 1. I’m Bob Doughty. 2. And I’m Barbara Klein with EXPLORATIONS in VOA Special English. Today we tell about five individuals around the world who are making a difference. They are making the world a better place by helping people in special ways. 1. Our first individual who is making a difference is a refugee from Burma. Thousands of people flee Burma each year to escape poverty, oppression and civil war. Many of them choose to stay in Thailand. Cynthia Maung is a Burmese doctor who operates a small public health center near the Thai border with Burma.She is making a difference in her community by providing services that are not available to most people in this area. 2. Many people are waiting at the public health center. Mothers and their children wait in line to get vaccines to protect them against diseases. In another line, parents with newborn babies wait for documents that show their babies were born i n Thailand. The documents take the place of birth certificates. Thai officials do not recognize these people because they are refugees. But Doctor Cynthia Maung does. 1.Doctor Cynthia, as she is called, fled Burma in nineteen eighty-eight after a military campaign against people who demonstrated for democracy and justice. She says she joined with the demonstrators. She says people started disappearing or fleeing to the border when Burma’s military seized power. She decided to settle near the border to work for political change. 2. In a small building, Cynthia Maung started performing operations and helping women give birth. She cleaned her instruments in a rice cooker. She also trained young volunteer health workers.Today, those workers treat people for landmine injuries and many diseases. Her health care center receives donations of money from non-governmental organizations and foreign governments, including the United States. 1. Doctor Cynthia makes a little money go a long way. Each year, one hundred fifty thousand people come for treatment. Those who can, pay less than one dollar. 2. Doctor Cynthia lives next to the health center. She says the workers there do not only treat diseases. They also educate young people who go back and support health activities in their communities.For example, the center trains volunteer health workers who go back to work in the ethnic Karen and other areas of Burma. Some of the volunteers are former patients who are now helping others. Doctor Cynthia says young people should be taught not to feel like victims. Instead, she says, they should see themselves as people who can change and improve their situation. 1. Theary Seng is a human rights activist working to heal her country, Cambodia. As a child, she lived through the rule of the Khmer Rouge during the nineteen seventies.During four years in power, the Khmer Rouge was responsible for the deaths of at least one million, five hundred thousand Cambodians. Theary Sengâ €™s parents were among those killed. After the fall of the Khmer Rouge, she escaped to Thailand and then went to the United States. She attended law school and became a lawyer. 1. Now, Theary Seng is back in Cambodia, supporting human rights as the head of the Center for Social Development. She is a critic of corruption and abuse wherever it exists — in Cambodia and around the world.At a recent demonstration in Phnom Penh, she attempted to leave flowers to honor those killed in the civil war in the Darfur area of Sudan. But Cambodian government officials prevented her from doing so. 2. Theary Seng takes a special interest in the Khmer Rouge Tribunal. The court is starting to take legal action against former Khmer Rouge leaders for their crimes. She serves as an official representative for the victims. 1. She also has a television show. It seeks to find the country’s next generation of young leaders.Theary Seng says her work is not to do anything big but to be a com mon citizen in her homeland where she suffered in the past. THEARY SENG: â€Å"And now, I’m taking that suffering, and shaping it into hope, and trying to work with individuals who had not the time and space to heal that I’ve had. † 1. William Saydee is making a difference in his country, Liberia. In Monrovia, the capital, the sound of typing mixes with the sound of cars in the street. Mister Saydee is a clergyman and former accountant. (SOUND) He now works as a typist and teacher. He is teaching unemployed Liberians how to type.The students do not pay him anything. One of the students is Isaiah Thomas. He says he is learning to type because he wants to work for an international company. 2. William Saydee says he wants to help young people gain a skill to succeed. He says it is the best he can do to help Liberia re-build after years of civil war. Mister Saydee earns money by typing contracts and other documents, like resumes. A resume is a list of a personâ€⠄¢s education and work experience. It can be useful when a person is looking for a job. (MUSIC) 1. Comic book artist Robert Walker is making a difference in New York City.He uses his art to help people understand the disease AIDS. Many children and even adults in the United States enjoy reading comic books. Superheroes in comic books have unusual abilities. They use their abilities to help people and save the world. Like most superheroes, Mister Walker’s characters have special powers. For example, one superhero can see in the dark. One can lift more than three hundred tons. Another can come back from the dead. Also, like most superheroes, his characters have to deal with trouble. These superheroes all have H. I. V. , the virus that causes AIDS.Mister Walker says some members of his family died of AIDS when he was a child. That gave him the idea to create a comic book called â€Å"O Men. † It includes nine characters living with H. I. V. The characters are men and wome n who represent different races and socio-economic groups. They also were infected with the virus in different ways. Mister Walker says he wanted to fight depressing images connected with the disease. ROBERT WALKER: â€Å"It’s not a black disease. It’s not a white disease. It’s not a gay disease. It’s a disease of humanity that lacks awareness. † 1.Gerry Gladston is the co-owner of Midtown Comics in New York City. He says many comic books have important political, social and educational messages. Mister Walker spoke to many H. I. V. and AIDS organizations in researching his comic book. He says he wanted to make the stories realistic as well as factual. 2. Yohannes Gebregiorgis is an Ethiopian-American who returned to the land of his birth to make a difference. Yohannes, as he is known, became an American citizen many years ago. But he gave up his life as a children’s librarian in San Francisco, California.Yohannes says he was concerned that Ethiopian children had no books. He said most schools in Ethiopia do not have libraries. There are almost no children’s books in any of Ethiopia’s many languages. So Yohannes started the Donkey Mobile Library to provide children with their first books. His group brings books to children who have none. YOHANNES GEBREGIORGIS: â€Å"Most kids we have noticed holding a book upside down. We have taken pictures of those kids. But later on we find out that those kids learn how to use the book, how to flip the pages and to look at the pictures and then gradually to read the stories in the book. 1. More donkey mobile libraries are planned, with money from groups in the United States. Donated English-language books have begun arriving in Ethiopia. Also, Yohannes has established a publishing company to produce books in languages that local children can read. His first book was published in three languages. It is a re-telling of an old folk story about, what do you think? A boy a nd his favorite animal — a donkey! 2. In the beginning, children came to the mobile library mainly because of the donkeys. But Yohannes discovered that what really excited the children was the books.He dreams about taking his donkey mobile libraries to more Ethiopian towns and villages. After all, there are millions of other children who want to learn to read. 1. This program was written by VOA correspondents and adapted by Shelley Gollust. Our producer was Mario Ritter. I’m Bob Doughty. 2. And I’m Barbara Klein. You can download audio and read scripts on our Web site, voaspecialenglish. com. Join us again next week for EXPLORATIONS in VOA Special English. http://blog. 360. yahoo. com/blog-Z3b93Sw5dKiGLDSLftiVYk1BXzLWCwAr3Q–;_ylt=AkizEO6ZhqbgHK3F3A9hoyK0AOJ3? cq=1

Decome Et Decorum

â€Å"Heartland† written by Linda Hogan has underlying messages a reader must carefully pay attention to in order to fully understand the poem. Hogan describes â€Å"City Poems† as her analysis of city life and how she appreciates it which can seem complex when reading her poem. She begins the poem describing how rare silence in the city can appear to people, constant traffic from vehicles and voices of people traveling the streets. Then she understands what the â€Å"city poems† other authors write about and how life in the city is constantly surrounded with common images related to city life such as yellow hard hats and beggars.I feel like Hogan feels a connection with city life and she has learned to appreciate it. I think the author identifies â€Å"city poems† as poems about the chaos people endure in the city; that the city may not seem enjoyable to most. The chaos that the city brings can take a toll on a person and can leave them questioning their life. Lines seven to ten describe how people pray and â€Å"feel the heart beat in a handful of nothing† which I interpreted it as meaning that the city can drain people of whatever they have and leave them with nothing.When people have nothing to fall back on, faith holds a powerful connection to people who seek support to help put back the broken pieces of life and by praying, a higher power can bring an answer to their prayers. However, Hogan seems to find the beauty and joy that the city brings and describes it in her poem, â€Å"Heartland†. I think that Hogan enjoys the city life with the detail in lines eleven to seventeen, where she describes construction workers, beggars, pigeons, and peoples’ regurgitation on metal.I interpreted the statement â€Å"human acids etching themselves into metal† as how many people travel to the city to become famous and make a name for themselves which the â€Å"human acid† being written onto the metal represen ts a person â€Å"writing there name in stone†. In stanza three, line twenty, Hogan writes â€Å"listening hard to the underground language† where the â€Å"underground language† refers to the lingo of the streets of the city where people of the city understand one another and can communicate with each other, even if they are not speaking the same anguage. When growing up anywhere, a person picks up certain characteristics of their society. Specifically, when growing up in the city, a person MUST learn the rules (language) of the city to succeed. The â€Å"underground language† is hidden within the city, where â€Å"outsiders† ponder upon conversations on the street, trying to figure what it really means. When Hogan writes â€Å"listening hard† I think she refers to taking

Free Essays on American Express

In the Credit Operations Department at American Express, the use of the Internet is significantly foundThe Internet is becoming a big part of normal day-to-day business in Credit Operations as well as American Express. The Internet is providing marketing and advertising to attract new customers. It is also helping to improve our customer service to our cardmembers. Cardmembers can view their charges and statements online. They can also pay their bill through www.americanexpress.com. It allows them a fast and easy way to verify charges, supply their accounts payable with their expense reports, and they can never have the excuse of not receiving their statements. It is available for personal, small business, and corporate cardmembers. It is very useful tool for the credit analyst as well to refer our cardmembers to free service that will provide them with virtually everything they need. It also helps to keep phone volumes down of more cardmembers are using the Internet service r ather than calling simply for their statement and charges. The Internet is planned to have an even bigger role in Credit Operations and American Express company wide. In Credit Operations, a few teams are testing a project with the Internet. This project is allowing cardmembers to receive a credit analyst to help them while online. They correspond to each other and the credit analyst is able to take over the cardmembers computer to show them how to access different areas or to find information. I feel that this could be very helpful for Credit Operations and American Express. I would eliminate the long hold times if more cardmembers were using this service and American Express would become a leader in the technology area of credit cards. It would enhance customer service and help to teach our cardmembers how to become more self-sufficient. They would have the knowledge to find the information on their own rather than having to call in to an 800 numb... Free Essays on American Express Free Essays on American Express In the Credit Operations Department at American Express, the use of the Internet is significantly found The Internet is becoming a big part of normal day-to-day business in Credit Operations as well as American Express. The Internet is providing marketing and advertising to attract new customers. It is also helping to improve our customer service to our cardmembers. Cardmembers can view their charges and statements online. They can also pay their bill through www.americanexpress.com. It allows them a fast and easy way to verify charges, supply their accounts payable with their expense reports, and they can never have the excuse of not receiving their statements. It is available for personal, small business, and corporate cardmembers. It is very useful tool for the credit analyst as well to refer our cardmembers to free service that will provide them with virtually everything they need. It also helps to keep phone volumes down of more cardmembers are using the Internet service rather than calling simply for their statement and charges. The Internet is planned to have an even bigger role in Credit Operations and American Express company wide. In Credit Operations, a few teams are testing a project with the Internet. This project is allowing cardmembers to receive a credit analyst to help them while online. They correspond to each other and the credit analyst is able to take over the cardmembers computer to show them how to access different areas or to find information. I feel that this could be very helpful for Credit Operations and American Express. I would eliminate the long hold times if more cardmembers were using this service and American Express would become a leader in the technology area of credit cards. It would enhance customer service and help to teach our cardmembers how to become more self-sufficient. They would have the knowledge to find the information on their own rather than having to call in to an 800 numb...

Rheumatoid Arthritis Exercises Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Rheumatoid Arthritis Exercises - Essay Example The onset of the disease is most frequent in fourth and fifth decades of life (Luqmani et al., 2006). The aetiology of the disease is not specifically known and has been suggested to be multifactorial. The class II major histocompatibility complex allele HLA-DR4 and related alleles are known to be major genetic risk factors for RA. It has been suggested that RA might be a manifestation of the response to an infectious agent in a genetically susceptible host. Activation of autoimmune mechanisms is the key aetiologic event in sustaining the chronic inflammatory process so characteristic of RA (Scott et al., 2000). The main event in pathophysiology is inflammatory synovitis. Subsequently through a cascade of multiple immune events through mediation of a host of immune cells, the synovial fibroblasts are activated. Added to cartilage degradation, osteoclasts are activated that leads to erosion of bone. The chemokines and cytokines lead to synovitis, cartilage and bone damage, and systemic manifestations of RA (Luqmani et al., 2009). Altman (2008) notes that these immunologic abnormalities arise from various immune complexes, which originate from the inflamed synovial cells that serve as a target for such immune injuries. The plasma cells that are recruited produce antibodies known as rheumatoid factors. These actively contribute to these complexes which ultimately lead to joint destruction. With further inflammation chemotaxis ensues leading to recruitment of macrophage cells with associate vasculitis. Primarily CD4+ lymphocytes infiltrate the synovial cells. These together produce inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, namely tumor necrosis factors, granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factors, interleukins, and gamma-interferon. These are known inflammatory mediators leading to further joint inflammation and systemic manifestations of the disease. When the disease is chronic, the synovial membrane is very much thickened and is projected into the joint cavity. The synovium is the seat of inflammation, which produce collagenase and stromelysin leading to further degeneration of joint cartilage. Interluekin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha contribute to this process and stimulate osteoclasts, thus leading to bone erosion. Prostaglandins are released. With the maintenance of inflammation, fibrous tissue is deposited within the joint. The synovial tissue appears very much proliferates and highly vascular, leading to pannus which further potentiates release of inflammatory chemokines leading to all round erosion of the joint structures such as cartilage, bone, articular capsule, and the periarticular ligaments. Most of the inflammatory cells are neutrophils. In some patients rheumatoid nodules develop (Altman 2008). Clinical Features Clinically RA presents as chronic polyarthritis of symmetrical synovial joints of hands, wrists, knees, and feet with an insidious onset of fatigue, generalised weakness, and vague musculoskeletal symptoms for weeks or months. Pain, tenderness, and swelling in the affected joints get aggravated with movement. Generalised stiffness of joints noted in the mornings for about duration of greater than 1 hour is invariable. Swelling and tenderness in the joints lead to motion limitation and hence impairment of physical function. These lead to fibrous or bony ankylosis of the joint leading to fixed deformities (Scott et al., 2000).

Group portfolio Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Group portfolio - Research Paper Example However, the organization sticks to its beliefs that successful companies move with the time while still devoting to developing a healthy and dynamic enterprise. One of the core cultural values that Haier group has is the rights and wrongs sense whereby the product users are considered always to be right while the company need to regularly improve itself (Sprague, 2002). The culture acts as the driving force, hence forming value for the customers; the employees work their best to meet the customer’s needs in addition to generating a wide variety of choices that they can choose from. The workforce has a mind-set, whereby, they feel the need to persistently advance themselves, which they perceive to be the only way they can continually refuse, dare and outdo themselves in order to realize their innovative character through change. The organization, in addition, has an adaptive culture that has led to its growth, whereby it maintains its pace with the social growth while maintaining an awareness of any changes occuring in the world. Its innovative character enables the firm to uphold a competitive benefit in the ever-changing market. Tha t is to say, the more radical the world changes the quicker the speed of customer’s variation, hence, the more lasting the inheritance turns out to be (Lin, 2005). In addition, the organization has employed the concept of two spirits, innovation and entrepreneurship, which are considered to be the genes for the company’s consistent culture. The genes ensure that all members of the workforce maintain their value in addition to guiding them in their individual development. It is also mandated for every employee to have the entrepreneurship and innovation spirits. Entrepreneurship is considered to be the spirit of pioneering work in which the company persuades all employees to have it (Yi, Jinsheng and Xian, 2002). They are encouraged to transform from being

Negative Effects of Media on Children Research Paper

Negative Effects of Media on Children - Research Paper Example Young generation particularly the children view the TV and use the Internet more than people of any other age-group because of a number of reasons. â€Å"The average American child watches an estimate between 25,000 to 40,000 television commercials per year. In the UK, it is about 10,000† (Shah, 2010). Elders have such activities as higher studies and work that put constraints upon the time for which they can view TV or use the Internet for non-work purposes. Children have ample time to give to media. â€Å"By age 18 years, the average child has spent the equivalent of more than 2 years of his or her life watching television† (Tuberose.com, n.d.). Multinational companies have used this fact as a means to exploit the children for personal gains. While children have benefited from the media in some ways, the potential negative consequences of media on children far outweigh the positive ones. Presence of three or more risk factors increases the likelihood of occurrence of the negative consequences, (Kirsh, 2010, p. 240) and the number of risk factors in media for children is far more than just three. Media has made children the â€Å"passive zombie-viewers† (Fisch cited in Bryant and Oliver, 2009, p. 402). This paper discusses the negative effects of media on the children. Media has destroyed the children physically, psychologically and morally. Media has altered children’s eating habits for the worse and has exposed them to the risk of a lot of diseases. In the past, children used to consume more organic food than they do today. Children used to be much more prudent in their use of money in the past than they are now. â€Å"Sure, they bought penny candy and an occasional soft drink, but retailers did not think of them as customers per se. They were more often perceived as "Mrs. Bohuslov's kids" who just happened to buy something while they were in the store. Children had money, but it was for saving, not spending† (McNeal, 2011) . Today, children happen to be the biggest consumers of the fast food of all kinds. A vast majority of children have made such food items as burgers, pizzas, pastries, chocolates, and soft drinks a necessary part of their meals. Change in the quality of foods they consume can be fundamentally attributed to media. â€Å"$15-17 billion is spent by companies advertising to children in the US. Over $4 billion was spent in 2009 by the fast food industry alone† (Shah, 2010). Most of the fast food commercials are broadcast during the cartoon movies and other TV programs that are meant for the children. Another reason why children should be considered the intended audience of these commercials is the fact that a vast majority of such commercials involve child stars. Little children can be seen eating and enjoying the chocolates, biscuits, cupcakes as well as the KFC and McDonalds’ burgers. Children viewing these commercials gain inspiration from the ones that are performing in them. As a result of consuming the fast foods, children are becoming overweight and obese. Unlike the past, there is a considerable population of children that are obese and have acquired many illnesses and diseases consequently. For example, diabetes was considered to be the disease only in adults in the past. These days, it is not uncommon for a child to have diabetes and blood pressure. Bad eating habits acquired in the tender age of childhood remain with an individual throughout the life. â€Å"

Organ Donation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Organ Donation - Research Paper Example First and most of all, one the most important implications that organ donation has is saving life. Indeed, if one takes a brief look at the statistics, one will be able see that the good which can be done is tremendous. For example, a single organ that is extracted from the body of a person who is dead is able to safe eight people (â€Å"All About Donation†). This is quite an astonishing statistics since given the number of organs that a person is able to donate after death, one single person may save up to fifty people. It is rather obvious that a death of a single person is a tragedy, but if it is able to result the continuation of lives of numerous people, the former gains a new sound to it. That is why a person who donates one’s organs as basically a hero who saves many lives. Another point which should be noted is that the issues of organ donation and saving lives might be viewed from a rather surprising point of view. Thus, one can hardly disagree that life is the best gift that a person can receive. However, in the course of out daily routine people tend to forget about it and that being alive for granted. Moreover, the ability to give life is largely thought to be mystical and is often attributed to deities. In addition to that, if a person could chose what one would like to receive as the ultimate gift, one would definitely choose being immortal.

Scope And Limitation Of The Study Environmental Sciences Essay

Scope And Limitation Of The Study Environmental Sciences Essay For a country facing recurrent drought, with severe consequences for development, the need for irrigated agriculture cannot be overlooked. But the countrys capacity to support agriculture through development of irrigation has been weak (Mengistu, 2000). Ethiopia cannot hope to meet its large food deficit through rain-fed agricultural production; the country could still face millions of tons of cereal deficit for decades to come (Desta, 2004). The Government of the Republic of Ethiopia in the Ethiopian Water Resources Management Policy (1999) states that Ethiopia endowed with relatively higher amounts of rainfall in the region and has a surface runoff of about 122 billion m3 of water and 28,000 Mm ³ ground water. A number of studies made in the field confirm that if the countrys water resources are developed to cater for irrigation, it would be possible to attain agricultural surplus enough both for domestic consumption as well as for external markets. The abundant water resources have earned Ethiopia the name the water tower of East Africa (United Nations Development Programme 2006). However, even had this estimated water potential, the country cannot meet its food security. Although, water resource potential is said to be abundant in Ethiopia, it is clear that even by the low standard of African countries, Ethiopias use of its water resources is limited. Cognizant to this fact, the government has taken initiatives towards developing irrigation schemes of various scales (Desta, 2004).The government of Ethiopia as stated in its Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP), has recognized the importance of water and increased its focus on water resource development and utilization to achieve food security (FDRE, 2000). Irrigation is one means by which agricultural production can be increased to meet the growing food demands in Ethiopia. Irrigation can also stabilize agricultural production. Ethiopia indeed has significant irrigation potential. Realizing the potential irrigation development can contribute towards food security and improved welfare, the Government has embarked on wide range of water development efforts throughout the country. Since 1950s there are mixed experiences with promoting irrigation and other modern agricultural technologies in the effort of intensification. In the last decade, small-scale irrigation and rainwater harvesting are central to Ethiopias new policy and strategy on agricultural and rural development. In some parts of the regions, where there are scarce and erratic rainfall, there is evidence that irrigation has achieved positive impacts: better opportunity for production, better income, reduction of risks, and hence generated benefits for poor rural communities. The importance of intervening irrigated agriculture in the economy of developing countries results from the fact that rain fed agricultural system is not capable of supplying the desired amount of production to feed the increasing population. Irrigation is not needed for any inadequacy in the total supply of water by rainfall only, but because of the inadequacy of this supply at certain times of the year. This inadequacy of moisture will surely lead to the reduction of plant growth (Briggs and Courtney 1989 as cited by Mintesinot, et.al, 2004). Therefore, Irrigation is used in order to combat periods of moisture stress so as to fulfill the crop moisture requirement and increase the production. Irrigation practice is an expensive one in case of if we construct huge dames or high river diversions, and in many cases can only be applied with profit to high value crops. But it can be cheap for areas having high ground water potential and the water is easily accessible through hand dug wel ls. The country has highly-diversified agro-ecological conditions which are suitable for the production of various types of crops. The crops are produced under rain fed and irrigated condition. Cereals dominate Ethiopian agriculture, accounting for about 70 per cent of agricultural GDP (Ethiopias Agricultural sector policy and investment framework, 2010-2020). Over the past decade, cereal production has more than doubled to nearly 15 million tons, as a result of horizontal expansion and increased yields (Ethiopias Agricultural sector policy and investment framework, 2010-2020). Nevertheless, food security remains a critical issue for many households, and for the country as a whole. Moreover, expansion of the cropped area to more marginal lands has led to severe land degradation in some areas (Ethiopias Agricultural sector policy and investment framework, 2010-2020). To alleviate the challenges of food insecurity in the country promotion of irrigated agriculture was given priority (Mekuri a, 2003). Thus, hand dug well construction has become one of the activities both by the individuals as well as the government. Agriculture and rural development has been the central pillar of successive national development and poverty reduction plans and remains so under the new five year growth and transformation plan (FYGTP) announced in August 2010. There is a need, however, to increase development efforts and resources targeting high-potential rain fed areas and irrigation development, in order to accelerate productivity growth, agricultural led industrialization and long-term food security. Thus groundwater has become an important source for irrigation and it has become an integral part of the irrigation strategy to overcome food scarcity in many developing countries including in Ethiopia. Such efforts have helped to expand irrigation with time particularly from 1950s the expansion has been rapidly increasing (Rosegrant et al., 1999). Most agricultural production is used to meet household consumption needs and, for a very large number of households, there is a prolonged hunger season during the pre-har vest period. In all increasing productivity in smallholder agriculture is Governments top priority, recognizing the importance of the smallholder sub-sector, the high prevalence of rural poverty and the large productivity gap. Productivity enhancement however, must be complemented by efforts by introducing effective practices towards the farmer to help farmers from purely subsistence farming to semi-subsistence/ semi-commercial status practicing farming as a business and to adopt more sustainable natural resource management practices in order to arrest and reverse environmental degradation. But this may not achieved only by using rain fed agriculture, rather by conjunction use of surface water and ground water without affecting the environment. Therefore In order to achieve these far-reaching and ambitious objectives, Irrigation development perceived as one of the strategies with the potential for solving this problem and to be food self-sufficient. The government of Ethiopia has an irrigation development strategy, which aims to develop over 470,000 ha of irrigation by 2016 as promulgated in the Water Sector Strategy of 2001. Of this development, 52% will be large and medium scale schemes while the remaining 48% will be small-scale schemes (Government of the Republic of Ethiopia 2001). Because of the ambitious government plans to expand small scale irrigation in Ethiopia, and in view of increasing demand of water for various purposes like agricultural, domestic, and industries, a greater emphasis is being laid for a planned and optimal utilization of water resources. Even if Ethiopia has high surface water potential, due to uneven distribution of rainfall in both time and space, the surface water resources are unevenly distributed coupled with increasing water user sectors, may lead to conflict among water users, especially agricultural sector. To narrow this gap and increase productivity per drop of water, surface water alone is not the best solution. Considering this issue; giving emphasis on development of ground water resources for those areas having high ground water potential is crucial. Problem Statement Water for agriculture is increasingly recognized as a major constraint to improving the lives of the rural poor and is an important component of rural livelihood programs that need to be yet strongly established in Ethiopia. Irrigation has contributed significantly to poverty reduction, food security, and improving the quality of life for rural populations. The majority of existing traditional and modern irrigation schemes are micro level in size. Many of these schemes are based on stream and river diversions but some may be dependent on small dams and perennial springs which show ground water potential for irrigation did not get emphasis. Fogera is one of Blue Nile basin area in Ethiopia and known by flooded plain. The woreda has high ground water potential. Now a day there is irrigation practice in the area for production of vegetables, horticulture (onion, tomato and purple) and in some extent maize. Even if there is such practice in the area, beside high ground water potential al most all farmers are used two perennial rivers called Rib and Gumara as a water source for their irrigation crop production using motorized pump. But the beneficiary farmers are those having farm land near or around streams, while those farmers bounded with these rivers and have not farm land around the stream waiting until the rainy season to cultivate crops. Recently increasing in number of water users for crop production and other uses; the stream flow become drying the downstream especially starting from February to April. This leads to crop failure and reduction in production plus conflict among the up- stream and downstream water users. To solve this problem and participate in irrigation those farmers have not farm land around the streams and bounded by two streams, conjunction use of ground water and surface water for irrigation crop production is important. However, to assure these identifying opportunities and major constraints of the community that makes passive on ground water uses for irrigation crop production is primary task to the area having high ground water potential. Researchable Questions For a specific study of ground water constraints linking with issues of the use for irrigation crop production, a number of questions can be raised. The study tries to address the following major research questions: What are major constraints of the community to use ground water for irrigation crop production? Are the communities aware about their ground water potential for crop production? What types of practices were implemented in the area to promote ground water uses for irrigation crop production by different Governmental and Non-Governmental Organizations? General and Specific Objectives In the Fogera plain groundwater is important source that can be used for irrigation crops year around. Reducing dependency on rainfall and stream water for crop production little has known about the potential use of ground water in the area. Rain fed agriculture alone cannot be insuring food self-sufficiency for the country having uneven distribution and erratic rainfall. Rather in addition to rain fed, implementing irrigation schemes according to water source potential weather surface or ground water is important. For those areas having high ground water potential, ground water may serve as a water source for irrigation crop production and increase income. But to use this precious natural resource actively and efficiently tackling obstacles related to ground water use for irrigation crop production is the primary task. This paper will investigate constraints in the Fogera Woreda on ground water uses for irrigation crop production. In particular it will:- Identify major constraints why farmers are not used ground water for irrigation crop production. identifying major constraints of the community on ground water use for irrigation crop production, makes easy to decision makers to solve communities problem on ground water irrigation using different approach and makes the community fear to use ground water for irrigation. Evaluate communities awareness about the area ground water potential uses for irrigation crop production. It is important to community to make them self-confident about their natural resource. If they are sure about their resource, they will remove their doubt and cultivate any perennial (chat) or seasonal crop which makes them profitable. Assessing best practice if there is, to promote ground water use for irrigation crop production in the area by different Governmental and Non-Governmental Organizations. Assessing best practice done in the area on ground water use for irrigation is important for the community to scale up from one kebele to another. Significance of the Study Ethiopia has developed a 15-year water development project for the period 2002-2016 in order to enhance the appropriate and comprehensive water use policies. It ensures multiple uses of this vital resource among various users. Among the water sectors agricultural water use has got the most attention through the strategy called Agricultural Development Led Industrialization (ADLI). The intervention of the plan is to address most of the supply-demand gap within 15 years time through increasing the number of large, medium and small-scale irrigation schemes. In addition, the Government of Ethiopia (GoE) recognizes, community managed small-scale irrigation water schemes as viable alternative to privatization and state ownership of the resource. To see this intervention on stand and to use available water sources; identifying major opportunities and constraints of irrigation water sources is milestone for beneficiaries, thus contributing to increased productivity. Water management policies are also important to avoid and manage conflicts and ensure the participation of low level communities. In this regard, the findings of this study will contribute to narrowing the information gaps regarding the organizational and institutional context, management practices and collective action regarding ground water use for irrigation, and the major problems of ground water irrigation development at the grass-root level. Therefore, the outcome of this study may serve as a source of additional information for policy makers and planners during the design and implementation of irrigation development programs and prospects. Scope and Limitation of the Study This study is based on a cross-sectional data for the time period of 2010/2011 aimed at assessing major constraints of ground water use for irrigation crop production in six kebeles of Fogera Woreda, i.e. Nabega, Kideste Hana, Wagetera, Shena, Shaga and Kokit. The major limitations of the study relates to the unavailability of secondary data needed to supplement the primary data. Secondary data on detailed soil type for each kebele, specific type of training they took on irrigation, yield of previous production seasons, soil type of the area, amount of water they apply to the crop and others were needed. In response to this limitation, we used triangulation data collection method, while we were collecting the data. Due to resource and time limitations, the study had to focus on only a few most important questions.