Negative Effects of Media on Children Research Paper

Negative Effects of Media on Children - Research Paper Example Young generation particularly the children view the TV and use the Internet more than people of any other age-group because of a number of reasons. â€Å"The average American child watches an estimate between 25,000 to 40,000 television commercials per year. In the UK, it is about 10,000† (Shah, 2010). Elders have such activities as higher studies and work that put constraints upon the time for which they can view TV or use the Internet for non-work purposes. Children have ample time to give to media. â€Å"By age 18 years, the average child has spent the equivalent of more than 2 years of his or her life watching television† (Tuberose.com, n.d.). Multinational companies have used this fact as a means to exploit the children for personal gains. While children have benefited from the media in some ways, the potential negative consequences of media on children far outweigh the positive ones. Presence of three or more risk factors increases the likelihood of occurrence of the negative consequences, (Kirsh, 2010, p. 240) and the number of risk factors in media for children is far more than just three. Media has made children the â€Å"passive zombie-viewers† (Fisch cited in Bryant and Oliver, 2009, p. 402). This paper discusses the negative effects of media on the children. Media has destroyed the children physically, psychologically and morally. Media has altered children’s eating habits for the worse and has exposed them to the risk of a lot of diseases. In the past, children used to consume more organic food than they do today. Children used to be much more prudent in their use of money in the past than they are now. â€Å"Sure, they bought penny candy and an occasional soft drink, but retailers did not think of them as customers per se. They were more often perceived as "Mrs. Bohuslov's kids" who just happened to buy something while they were in the store. Children had money, but it was for saving, not spending† (McNeal, 2011) . Today, children happen to be the biggest consumers of the fast food of all kinds. A vast majority of children have made such food items as burgers, pizzas, pastries, chocolates, and soft drinks a necessary part of their meals. Change in the quality of foods they consume can be fundamentally attributed to media. â€Å"$15-17 billion is spent by companies advertising to children in the US. Over $4 billion was spent in 2009 by the fast food industry alone† (Shah, 2010). Most of the fast food commercials are broadcast during the cartoon movies and other TV programs that are meant for the children. Another reason why children should be considered the intended audience of these commercials is the fact that a vast majority of such commercials involve child stars. Little children can be seen eating and enjoying the chocolates, biscuits, cupcakes as well as the KFC and McDonalds’ burgers. Children viewing these commercials gain inspiration from the ones that are performing in them. As a result of consuming the fast foods, children are becoming overweight and obese. Unlike the past, there is a considerable population of children that are obese and have acquired many illnesses and diseases consequently. For example, diabetes was considered to be the disease only in adults in the past. These days, it is not uncommon for a child to have diabetes and blood pressure. Bad eating habits acquired in the tender age of childhood remain with an individual throughout the life. â€Å"

Organ Donation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Organ Donation - Research Paper Example First and most of all, one the most important implications that organ donation has is saving life. Indeed, if one takes a brief look at the statistics, one will be able see that the good which can be done is tremendous. For example, a single organ that is extracted from the body of a person who is dead is able to safe eight people (â€Å"All About Donation†). This is quite an astonishing statistics since given the number of organs that a person is able to donate after death, one single person may save up to fifty people. It is rather obvious that a death of a single person is a tragedy, but if it is able to result the continuation of lives of numerous people, the former gains a new sound to it. That is why a person who donates one’s organs as basically a hero who saves many lives. Another point which should be noted is that the issues of organ donation and saving lives might be viewed from a rather surprising point of view. Thus, one can hardly disagree that life is the best gift that a person can receive. However, in the course of out daily routine people tend to forget about it and that being alive for granted. Moreover, the ability to give life is largely thought to be mystical and is often attributed to deities. In addition to that, if a person could chose what one would like to receive as the ultimate gift, one would definitely choose being immortal.

Scope And Limitation Of The Study Environmental Sciences Essay

Scope And Limitation Of The Study Environmental Sciences Essay For a country facing recurrent drought, with severe consequences for development, the need for irrigated agriculture cannot be overlooked. But the countrys capacity to support agriculture through development of irrigation has been weak (Mengistu, 2000). Ethiopia cannot hope to meet its large food deficit through rain-fed agricultural production; the country could still face millions of tons of cereal deficit for decades to come (Desta, 2004). The Government of the Republic of Ethiopia in the Ethiopian Water Resources Management Policy (1999) states that Ethiopia endowed with relatively higher amounts of rainfall in the region and has a surface runoff of about 122 billion m3 of water and 28,000 Mm ³ ground water. A number of studies made in the field confirm that if the countrys water resources are developed to cater for irrigation, it would be possible to attain agricultural surplus enough both for domestic consumption as well as for external markets. The abundant water resources have earned Ethiopia the name the water tower of East Africa (United Nations Development Programme 2006). However, even had this estimated water potential, the country cannot meet its food security. Although, water resource potential is said to be abundant in Ethiopia, it is clear that even by the low standard of African countries, Ethiopias use of its water resources is limited. Cognizant to this fact, the government has taken initiatives towards developing irrigation schemes of various scales (Desta, 2004).The government of Ethiopia as stated in its Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP), has recognized the importance of water and increased its focus on water resource development and utilization to achieve food security (FDRE, 2000). Irrigation is one means by which agricultural production can be increased to meet the growing food demands in Ethiopia. Irrigation can also stabilize agricultural production. Ethiopia indeed has significant irrigation potential. Realizing the potential irrigation development can contribute towards food security and improved welfare, the Government has embarked on wide range of water development efforts throughout the country. Since 1950s there are mixed experiences with promoting irrigation and other modern agricultural technologies in the effort of intensification. In the last decade, small-scale irrigation and rainwater harvesting are central to Ethiopias new policy and strategy on agricultural and rural development. In some parts of the regions, where there are scarce and erratic rainfall, there is evidence that irrigation has achieved positive impacts: better opportunity for production, better income, reduction of risks, and hence generated benefits for poor rural communities. The importance of intervening irrigated agriculture in the economy of developing countries results from the fact that rain fed agricultural system is not capable of supplying the desired amount of production to feed the increasing population. Irrigation is not needed for any inadequacy in the total supply of water by rainfall only, but because of the inadequacy of this supply at certain times of the year. This inadequacy of moisture will surely lead to the reduction of plant growth (Briggs and Courtney 1989 as cited by Mintesinot, et.al, 2004). Therefore, Irrigation is used in order to combat periods of moisture stress so as to fulfill the crop moisture requirement and increase the production. Irrigation practice is an expensive one in case of if we construct huge dames or high river diversions, and in many cases can only be applied with profit to high value crops. But it can be cheap for areas having high ground water potential and the water is easily accessible through hand dug wel ls. The country has highly-diversified agro-ecological conditions which are suitable for the production of various types of crops. The crops are produced under rain fed and irrigated condition. Cereals dominate Ethiopian agriculture, accounting for about 70 per cent of agricultural GDP (Ethiopias Agricultural sector policy and investment framework, 2010-2020). Over the past decade, cereal production has more than doubled to nearly 15 million tons, as a result of horizontal expansion and increased yields (Ethiopias Agricultural sector policy and investment framework, 2010-2020). Nevertheless, food security remains a critical issue for many households, and for the country as a whole. Moreover, expansion of the cropped area to more marginal lands has led to severe land degradation in some areas (Ethiopias Agricultural sector policy and investment framework, 2010-2020). To alleviate the challenges of food insecurity in the country promotion of irrigated agriculture was given priority (Mekuri a, 2003). Thus, hand dug well construction has become one of the activities both by the individuals as well as the government. Agriculture and rural development has been the central pillar of successive national development and poverty reduction plans and remains so under the new five year growth and transformation plan (FYGTP) announced in August 2010. There is a need, however, to increase development efforts and resources targeting high-potential rain fed areas and irrigation development, in order to accelerate productivity growth, agricultural led industrialization and long-term food security. Thus groundwater has become an important source for irrigation and it has become an integral part of the irrigation strategy to overcome food scarcity in many developing countries including in Ethiopia. Such efforts have helped to expand irrigation with time particularly from 1950s the expansion has been rapidly increasing (Rosegrant et al., 1999). Most agricultural production is used to meet household consumption needs and, for a very large number of households, there is a prolonged hunger season during the pre-har vest period. In all increasing productivity in smallholder agriculture is Governments top priority, recognizing the importance of the smallholder sub-sector, the high prevalence of rural poverty and the large productivity gap. Productivity enhancement however, must be complemented by efforts by introducing effective practices towards the farmer to help farmers from purely subsistence farming to semi-subsistence/ semi-commercial status practicing farming as a business and to adopt more sustainable natural resource management practices in order to arrest and reverse environmental degradation. But this may not achieved only by using rain fed agriculture, rather by conjunction use of surface water and ground water without affecting the environment. Therefore In order to achieve these far-reaching and ambitious objectives, Irrigation development perceived as one of the strategies with the potential for solving this problem and to be food self-sufficient. The government of Ethiopia has an irrigation development strategy, which aims to develop over 470,000 ha of irrigation by 2016 as promulgated in the Water Sector Strategy of 2001. Of this development, 52% will be large and medium scale schemes while the remaining 48% will be small-scale schemes (Government of the Republic of Ethiopia 2001). Because of the ambitious government plans to expand small scale irrigation in Ethiopia, and in view of increasing demand of water for various purposes like agricultural, domestic, and industries, a greater emphasis is being laid for a planned and optimal utilization of water resources. Even if Ethiopia has high surface water potential, due to uneven distribution of rainfall in both time and space, the surface water resources are unevenly distributed coupled with increasing water user sectors, may lead to conflict among water users, especially agricultural sector. To narrow this gap and increase productivity per drop of water, surface water alone is not the best solution. Considering this issue; giving emphasis on development of ground water resources for those areas having high ground water potential is crucial. Problem Statement Water for agriculture is increasingly recognized as a major constraint to improving the lives of the rural poor and is an important component of rural livelihood programs that need to be yet strongly established in Ethiopia. Irrigation has contributed significantly to poverty reduction, food security, and improving the quality of life for rural populations. The majority of existing traditional and modern irrigation schemes are micro level in size. Many of these schemes are based on stream and river diversions but some may be dependent on small dams and perennial springs which show ground water potential for irrigation did not get emphasis. Fogera is one of Blue Nile basin area in Ethiopia and known by flooded plain. The woreda has high ground water potential. Now a day there is irrigation practice in the area for production of vegetables, horticulture (onion, tomato and purple) and in some extent maize. Even if there is such practice in the area, beside high ground water potential al most all farmers are used two perennial rivers called Rib and Gumara as a water source for their irrigation crop production using motorized pump. But the beneficiary farmers are those having farm land near or around streams, while those farmers bounded with these rivers and have not farm land around the stream waiting until the rainy season to cultivate crops. Recently increasing in number of water users for crop production and other uses; the stream flow become drying the downstream especially starting from February to April. This leads to crop failure and reduction in production plus conflict among the up- stream and downstream water users. To solve this problem and participate in irrigation those farmers have not farm land around the streams and bounded by two streams, conjunction use of ground water and surface water for irrigation crop production is important. However, to assure these identifying opportunities and major constraints of the community that makes passive on ground water uses for irrigation crop production is primary task to the area having high ground water potential. Researchable Questions For a specific study of ground water constraints linking with issues of the use for irrigation crop production, a number of questions can be raised. The study tries to address the following major research questions: What are major constraints of the community to use ground water for irrigation crop production? Are the communities aware about their ground water potential for crop production? What types of practices were implemented in the area to promote ground water uses for irrigation crop production by different Governmental and Non-Governmental Organizations? General and Specific Objectives In the Fogera plain groundwater is important source that can be used for irrigation crops year around. Reducing dependency on rainfall and stream water for crop production little has known about the potential use of ground water in the area. Rain fed agriculture alone cannot be insuring food self-sufficiency for the country having uneven distribution and erratic rainfall. Rather in addition to rain fed, implementing irrigation schemes according to water source potential weather surface or ground water is important. For those areas having high ground water potential, ground water may serve as a water source for irrigation crop production and increase income. But to use this precious natural resource actively and efficiently tackling obstacles related to ground water use for irrigation crop production is the primary task. This paper will investigate constraints in the Fogera Woreda on ground water uses for irrigation crop production. In particular it will:- Identify major constraints why farmers are not used ground water for irrigation crop production. identifying major constraints of the community on ground water use for irrigation crop production, makes easy to decision makers to solve communities problem on ground water irrigation using different approach and makes the community fear to use ground water for irrigation. Evaluate communities awareness about the area ground water potential uses for irrigation crop production. It is important to community to make them self-confident about their natural resource. If they are sure about their resource, they will remove their doubt and cultivate any perennial (chat) or seasonal crop which makes them profitable. Assessing best practice if there is, to promote ground water use for irrigation crop production in the area by different Governmental and Non-Governmental Organizations. Assessing best practice done in the area on ground water use for irrigation is important for the community to scale up from one kebele to another. Significance of the Study Ethiopia has developed a 15-year water development project for the period 2002-2016 in order to enhance the appropriate and comprehensive water use policies. It ensures multiple uses of this vital resource among various users. Among the water sectors agricultural water use has got the most attention through the strategy called Agricultural Development Led Industrialization (ADLI). The intervention of the plan is to address most of the supply-demand gap within 15 years time through increasing the number of large, medium and small-scale irrigation schemes. In addition, the Government of Ethiopia (GoE) recognizes, community managed small-scale irrigation water schemes as viable alternative to privatization and state ownership of the resource. To see this intervention on stand and to use available water sources; identifying major opportunities and constraints of irrigation water sources is milestone for beneficiaries, thus contributing to increased productivity. Water management policies are also important to avoid and manage conflicts and ensure the participation of low level communities. In this regard, the findings of this study will contribute to narrowing the information gaps regarding the organizational and institutional context, management practices and collective action regarding ground water use for irrigation, and the major problems of ground water irrigation development at the grass-root level. Therefore, the outcome of this study may serve as a source of additional information for policy makers and planners during the design and implementation of irrigation development programs and prospects. Scope and Limitation of the Study This study is based on a cross-sectional data for the time period of 2010/2011 aimed at assessing major constraints of ground water use for irrigation crop production in six kebeles of Fogera Woreda, i.e. Nabega, Kideste Hana, Wagetera, Shena, Shaga and Kokit. The major limitations of the study relates to the unavailability of secondary data needed to supplement the primary data. Secondary data on detailed soil type for each kebele, specific type of training they took on irrigation, yield of previous production seasons, soil type of the area, amount of water they apply to the crop and others were needed. In response to this limitation, we used triangulation data collection method, while we were collecting the data. Due to resource and time limitations, the study had to focus on only a few most important questions.

The Apprenticeship Of Duddy Kravitz :: essays research papers

The Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz by Mordecai Richler In the novel The Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz, Mordecai Richler punishes Duddy for his wrongs against others in several ways. Each punishment fits the crime, and there is an irony about each one. The three punishments inflicted on Duddy at the end of the novel are the loss of Simcha's love, the loss of his friends, and the absence of any funds to build on his property. The loss of Simcha's love is a devastating blow for Duddy. This is evident when Duddy confronts Yvette and asks her, â€Å" Why did you go to my grandfather? Of all the people in the world, he's the only one† (Richler, 1959, 313). Duddy did everything he could to get this land because his grandfather said that 'A man without land is nobody'. Duddy, in his own mind, did it all for Simcha, to earn his love and respect and in the end, he had neither. The loss of Simcha's love did not happen for nothing. It happened because of the way in which Duddy had gone about acquiring his land. Yvette told Simcha, and Simcha did not approve. He was, in fact, extremely disappointed with Duddy. His disappointment is shown when he tells Duddy, I can see what you have planned for me, Duddel. You'll be good to me. You'd give me everything I wanted. and that would settle your conscience when you went out to swindle others. (Richler 1959, 312) The betrayal of Yvette, her speaking to Simcha, and the loss of hers and Virgil's friendships also punishes Duddy. They are the only two people in the world who ever loved him for himself, and didn't want anything but his love in return. In the loss of their friendships, Duddy is being punished for his rotten treatment of other people, even his only friends. Duddy may not even know what he has lost, but he will one day, when he misses having someone to share his accomplishments and failures with, like he has had up until now. The loss of things human is not the only punishment inflicted on Duddy. He also ends up without money left to build anything on the land he has purchased. This is punishment for all the low down, underhanded things he had to do to get the money to buy the land. The irony of this is after doing everything imaginable to get his money, such as attempted blackmail, selling his uncle The Apprenticeship Of Duddy Kravitz :: essays research papers The Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz by Mordecai Richler In the novel The Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz, Mordecai Richler punishes Duddy for his wrongs against others in several ways. Each punishment fits the crime, and there is an irony about each one. The three punishments inflicted on Duddy at the end of the novel are the loss of Simcha's love, the loss of his friends, and the absence of any funds to build on his property. The loss of Simcha's love is a devastating blow for Duddy. This is evident when Duddy confronts Yvette and asks her, â€Å" Why did you go to my grandfather? Of all the people in the world, he's the only one† (Richler, 1959, 313). Duddy did everything he could to get this land because his grandfather said that 'A man without land is nobody'. Duddy, in his own mind, did it all for Simcha, to earn his love and respect and in the end, he had neither. The loss of Simcha's love did not happen for nothing. It happened because of the way in which Duddy had gone about acquiring his land. Yvette told Simcha, and Simcha did not approve. He was, in fact, extremely disappointed with Duddy. His disappointment is shown when he tells Duddy, I can see what you have planned for me, Duddel. You'll be good to me. You'd give me everything I wanted. and that would settle your conscience when you went out to swindle others. (Richler 1959, 312) The betrayal of Yvette, her speaking to Simcha, and the loss of hers and Virgil's friendships also punishes Duddy. They are the only two people in the world who ever loved him for himself, and didn't want anything but his love in return. In the loss of their friendships, Duddy is being punished for his rotten treatment of other people, even his only friends. Duddy may not even know what he has lost, but he will one day, when he misses having someone to share his accomplishments and failures with, like he has had up until now. The loss of things human is not the only punishment inflicted on Duddy. He also ends up without money left to build anything on the land he has purchased. This is punishment for all the low down, underhanded things he had to do to get the money to buy the land. The irony of this is after doing everything imaginable to get his money, such as attempted blackmail, selling his uncle

How did the supernatural impacted Macbeth? Essay

The supernatural reflected the atmosphere and the beliefs of Scotland and much of Europe in the sixteenth century. Macbeth is a story that is completely engulfed with supernatural elements. It is more a supernatural story than it is drama. Madness, mayhem and horror are all words that best describe this play. Three hideous witches, a floating dagger and apparitions are all supernatural elements that the reader finds in Macbeth. Most importantly, these elements are major causes of Macbeths path of ambition, murder madness and his ultimate downfall. As the story progresses we see the supernatural events change location starting from the witches cavern to Macbeths castle. All this shows that Macbeth is highly dependent and seduced by the supernatural. The opening scene of Macbeth begins with the three witches meeting on the heath and describing the atmosphere, where Fair is foul, and foul is fair (Act 1 scene 1). This implies that what appears good is bad and what appears bad is good. It also shows that witches will become a central figure in setting the tone of the play which hovers through the fog and filthy air. Throughout the story, the witches prophesy and foreshadow everything that will happen to Macbeth and what he will do. Macbeth will eventually come to them more and more to know what lies ahead for him in the future. From a heath near the forest, the witches give prophesy and the reader clues in what destiny lies for Macbeth. It is the witches who tell him that he will be Thane of Cawdor and shalt be King hereafter! (Act 1 scene 3). Macbeth is shocked at this news considering the Thane of Cawdor is still alive at the time. This shows that Macbeth was not yet showing ambition or hunger for power but the witches had planted the seed that would lead to his eventual destruction. The witches also prophesy in this scene that Macbeths friend and comrade Banquo will have sons who will claim the throne after Macbeth and be lesser than Macbeth and greater (Act 1 scene 2). This gives the clue that Macbeths line might be short-lived and that once he is gone there will be no more of his descendants on the throne. When Lady Macbeth learns of all this news through a letter sent by her husband, she immediately sees a promising future but fears her husband is  too full of the milk of human kindness (Act 1 scene 5) to destroy those who lie in his path to ultimate power. It is Lady Macbeth who really triggers the evil side of Macbeth. As the story progresses however, we see the tables turn as she becomes tormented by her own guilt while her husband kills without conscience. We do not see the witches again until the end of Act 3 when their leader, Hecate, is angry with them for telling Macbeth his future without her permission. In order to make amends she orders the witches to create more spells to give Macbeth overconfidence as you all know security is mortals chiefest enemy (Act 3 scene 5). Another supernatural element that Shakespeare uses in the play represents Macbeths guilt and beginning of his madness is through the floating daggers in Act 2, which occur in Macbeths own home whilst King Duncan was guest. Before Macbeth commits the murder of King Duncan, he sees a bloody dragger that leads him to Duncans room. Macbeth questions if the dagger is real or a dagger of the mind, a false creation (Act 2 scene 1), in other words it is a hallucination. This dagger makes it so Macbeth cannot resist killing Duncan. It also brings the supernatural from outside to inside the castle. Shakespeare uses the influence of apparitions twice in his story. One of the apparitions is of the recently murdered Banquo. This ghost visits Macbeth at the banquet right after Macbeth learns that Banquos death was successfully committed by one of the hired murders. Macbeth is shocked and badly shaken by this apparition and looks like a fool to his party guests. The dominating Lady Macbeth tries to calm him down and reassures the guests telling them Think of this, good peers, but as a thing of custom, tis no other, (Act 3 scene 4). This is a turning point in the story as it shows the beginning of Macbeths descent into Madness. Macbeth continues his obsessive dependence on the witches predictions as he once again in a cavern in Act 4. The witches conjure up three apparitions. The first is an armed head that tells Macbeth to Beware Macduff! Beware the Thane of Fife. The scond apparition is a bloody child that says that none of  woman born shall harm Macbeth. The third is a child crowned with a tree in his hand that predicts Macbeth shall never vanquished be until Great Birnam Wood to high Dunsinane Hill shall come against him (Act 4 scene 1). All of these apparitions give Macbeth a sense of overconfidence which untimely leads to his downfall. From these Macbeth comes to the conclusion that all men are born of women, so therefore he thinks that nobody can kill him. He also assumes that forests cannot literally move, so that should not be a problem to him either. The story shows however, that the soldiers fighting against him camouflage themselves with boughs from trees looking like a moving forest, and that Macduff was from his mothers womb untimely ripped (Act 5 scene 8). From all these examples it can be seen that the supernatural has a great influence on Macbeths rise to power and his fall from power. We see that his growing obsessive reliance on the witches prophesies causes him over confidence which leads to his ultimate demise. We also see Macbeth descend into evil and being seduced by the supernatural, by having supernatural events change location. All of these elements show the causes of Macbeths path of ambition, murder, madness and finally his total self-destruction. Bibliography Macbeth (William Shakespeare)Oxford companion to Shakespeare (Dobson)

The case of “Janet Cooke and the Washington Post” in the frame of Robinson

Nowadays, our daily life can not be assumed without deviance being inherent in education, at workplace and other areas. The most common type of deviance can be observed at the workplace. Although this field is quite new, various conceptualizations are brought forward by different scientists. At this point the research of Robinson and Greenberg (1998) is worthwhile. These researchers distinguish five dimensions of deviance: perpetrator, intention, target, action and consequence. In the following paragraph, the case of â€Å"Janet Cooke and the Washington Post† will be analyzed in the scope of above-mentioned dimensions.Profound analysis of the case studyAccording to Robinson and Greenberg`s five dimensions, perpetrator might be insider or outsider (Robinson and Greenberg, 1998). In this case, being involved in an illegal action Janet Cooke can be described as a perpetrator. So, working as a reporter in the Washington Post, she is an insider (person) and not an organization. Deviant action can be executed intentionally or unintentionally (Robinson and Greenberg, 1998). Clearly, Cooke`s intentions were to get achievement and reputation, while using a spurious way to be on the list of well-known and recognized journalists. So, Cooke intentionally cheated both society and organization she was a part of, endeavoring to pursue her mercenary intentions. In my point of view, the action of this reporter was not intentionally harmful, targeting either organization or people. Obviously, while writing the story about Jimmy, she did not suppose that her action would bring great damage to the reputation of the Washington Post. In addition, she did not expect her article to be awarded â€Å"Pulitzer†. Robinson and Greenberg divide targets of deviant actions into these categories: inside and outside; individual and organizational; additional. So, Janet`s action directed toward both inside – organization (Washington Post) and outside – readers of newspaper. Apart from it, organizational (organization itself) and additional (people reading Janet`s article) targets can be defined in this case, as both of these categories were misled. Information given in Janet`s article was based on non-valid and exaggerated story. Consequently, the action of Janet, having an illegal basis, disrupts both organizational and societal norms. Certainly, if organizational norms and behavior are contrasted by actions of an individual, they are apparently focused on personal interests, being a workplace deviance. Although Janet did not expect, her action resulted in negative consequences. First of all, the reputation of the newspaper she worked for was seriously damaged. Apart from it, such kind of activity is shameful for the name of journalism. The core of journalism is to provide society with valid and credible information, whereas, her action ran counter to it. Conclusion After having analyzed this case, it can be concluded that all the actions having illegal intentions should be avoided, otherwise, consequences can be inevitably harmful for both society and organization, either intentionally or unintentionally. References Robinson, Sandra L; Greenberg Jerald. Employees Behaving Badly: Dimensions, Determinants and Dilemmas in the Study of Workplace Deviance. Trends in Organizational Behavior, volume 5. Edited by Cooper, C.L, and D.M. Rousseau, 1998.IACA – INTERNATIONAL ANTI-Concepts and Issues in CorruptionSince ancient times laws and regulations within countries all over the world have always been different, having their own principles and peculiarities. Clearly, laws have always been subject to amendment, though, some of them accepted in one country are completely objected at another one. So, this situation paves the   way for people and businesses to avoid law without breaking it in either their own countries or abroad. In the modern, rapidly developing world globalization and neo-liberalism heavily contribute to this process (Passas, 2005). The provided essay will discuss the concepts of â€Å"lawful, but awful† and â€Å"crimes without law violation† in the context of the Azerbaijan Republic, trying to find out differences and aspects they are based on. Moreover, there will be given examples to clarify it.The concept of â€Å"lawful, but awful†The concept of â€Å"lawful, but awful† was originally developed by professor Nikos Passas describing it as activities being legal while having negative consequences or eluding regulations and laws not accepted in this or that country (2005). Prior to giving examples reflecting the concept of â€Å"lawful, but awful† in the Republic of Azerbaijan, three categories of it defined by Passas w ill be given: Firstly, corporations have legal businesses while producing harmful or dangerous products such as cigarettes, weapons, and alcohol (Passas, 2005). Secondly, despite producing useful products for the society corporations release toxic materials, wastes, and etc., causing damage to society, environment and country (Passas, 2005). Finally, the third category describes some industries pursing public purposes mostly aimed at raising money rather than positively contributing to the society, thus resulting in negative outcomes (Passas, 2005). A few examples will be given to illustrate the concept of â€Å"lawful, but awful†:â€Å"Shadow education† in AzerbaijanThe â€Å"shadow education† is the term describing extra education provided by teachers for extra money beyond the official curriculum (Transparency International, 2013). It is a widespread example of this concept severely spreading in some parts of the world. Turning to Azerbaijan there are many factual examples of this term. Since the Soviet Union collapsed many public sectors have deteriorated including the education system. In recent years, people have intensively been concentrated on education and career making to cope with stiff competition on the labor market. A Additionally, the salaries of teachers do not conform to standards and cost of living in our country. Consequently, all the above mentioned circumstances have given teachers the opportunity to take advantage of them, getting involved in private tutoring to raise extra revenues. Studying for exams to enter universities and other educational institutions most of current students tend to take extra classes to get scores they target as curriculum taught at school is deliberately lowered by teachers to attract more students to their private tutoring. Although this type of activity is not prohibited by the law provided a teacher pays taxes to government, yet such type of private tutoring has a negative impact on the level of education within the country.Difficulties of entrepreneurship issuance in AzerbaijanSome years ago potential businessmen used to go through complex stages to have their entrepreneurships issued. Initially, they had to be involved in long procedures taking fourty days until they were implemented, thus preventing many of them to set up businesses. Apart from it paved the way for corruption, involving bribery, to accelerate the process of entrepreneurship issuance. Consequently, all the above indicated factors impeded the development of the private business sector being one of the important contributors in the economy of the country and well-being of the society. Due to the latest reforms this procedure has been reduced to only two days, stimulating the development of private sector.The concept of â€Å"Crimes without law violation†The concept of â€Å"crimes without law violation† is based on principles involving elusion of regulations and laws using various frauds and loopholes without infringing national or international legislation.Tax machinations in AzerbaijanIn the Republic of Azerbaijan a person involved in entrepreneurship is supposed to pay taxes to the government depending on their turnover of business. Having a turnover not exceeding 120000 manats per year physical and legal persons are supposed to pay four percent simplified tax. However, if this amount is over 120000 manats, entrepreneurs are supposed to pay 18% valu e added tax (VAT) (taxes.gov.az, 2015). Clearly, this large gap paves the way for tax evasion with many business people coming up with â€Å"tricks† to evade tax legislation. One of the â€Å"tricks† is to establish a few companies having different names and TINs sharing turnover among them so as not to pay 18% VAT. Consequently, this action is considered to be violation, however, no law is broken, thus reflecting the concept of â€Å"crimes without law violation†Sale and purchase machinations in AzerbaijanAccording to property and tax legislation of the Republic of Azerbaijan, when selling or purchasing a real estate, an owner is supposed to pay taxes to government. One is supposed to pay four percent providing property price does not exceed 120000. However, the amount over this sum is subject to 18%. So, some tricks are also used to evade this tax. Usually, seller and buyer agree to reduce the cost of property in the sale and purchase agreement to the amount being less than 120000. Consequently, in fact, these people are not involved in tax evasion as official documents have valid information with no law violation, though, their machination involves â€Å"tricks† to defraud the government.ConclusionIt can be clearly concluded that, all countries over the world have laws and regulations, though they often differ from each other depending on a country. However, businesses and individuals having different intentions are often aimed at finding loopholes to avoid law violation and punishment, while pursuing their goals. Obviously, it is challenging for countries to monitor this activity with no law broken and anybody to bring to justice. Exactly, there are certain reasons contributing to the above-mentioned tendency. Primarily, shadow education arises from law salaries and drawbacks in educational system, making teachers and people turn to private tutoring. As regards the example of tax machination, it is obvious that it is based on some flaws in the tax code, such as a large gap between 4% and 18% tax, inciting people to use â€Å"tricks† to elude high taxes. Consequently, along with public awareness these loopholes should be filled in, otherwise, this tendency is not subject to healthy change.

Gun controll misc100 essays

Gun controll misc100 essays With the growing number of reports, on television, about violent crimes at school, it is no wonder that President Clinton is pushing for more gun control. Although the number of violent crimes committed in schools is far less than the number committed at home, the president feels that stricter gun laws need to be in effect. In the light of the recent shootings at Columbine High School in Columbine, Colorado, there have been serious increases in the number of proposals to help regulate gun use. I do not think that it is the guns that we need to control, but the people. In the last several years there have been major legislative proposals to try and regulate the sale, purchase, transportation, and ammunition for guns. Perhaps the best known is the Brady Bill. On November 30, 1993, the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act was enacted, amending the Gun Control Act of 1968. The Brady Law imposed as an interim measure a waiting period of 5 days before a licensed importer, manufacturer, or dealer may sell, deliver, or transfer a handgun to an unlicensed individual. The waiting period applies only in states without an acceptable alternate system of conducting background checks on handgun purchasers. The interim provisions of the Brady Law became effective on February 28, 1994, and cease to apply on November 30, 1998. While the interim provisions of the Brady Law apply only to handguns, the permanent provisions of the Brady Law apply to all firearms. The Brady Bill requires a five-day wait for the purchase of a handgun. During that time a background check is done in order to make sure that the purchaser does not have a history of violent crimes. Although this bill is intended to keep guns out of the hands of the wrong people it has not had a drastic impact in the number of deaths due to guns. The bill itself does not bother me, nor do I think that it will bother most law-abiding citizens. However, what does bother me is the fi...

Harm Reduction Essay Example

Harm Reduction Essay Example Harm Reduction Essay Harm Reduction Essay drug use knowledge of HIVand AIDS, sexual behaviour (number of patners, condom use, etc) exposure to high risk situations and other information, information about the test should also be provided at this moment. post counselling depends on the test results. If negative, the client should receive information that the results might not be reliable and that a new test should be conducted in 3-6 months. Over dose prevention Naloxone, a short-acting opioid antagonist, overturns the immediate effects of heroin and prevents overdose among injection drug users. other drugs such as methadone, which have similar properties to heroin and morphine, help to reduce overdose, risk of HIV and hepatitis, and criminal acts and other high risk behaviors’( the latter two because methadone is delivered legally). other overdose management strategies include peer-to-peer and encouraging peers to seek help and call an ambulance when an over dose is suspected. Prevention and services for the management of sexually transmitted infections: It is critical to provide information to drug users about the risk of HIV transmission and strategies to reduce such transmission. Strategies may include using condoms, reducing the number of sexual partners or being faithful to one partner, treating sexually transmitted diseases, abstinence, etc. What steps should we take to develop harm reduction strategies with our clients? Step 1: Be familiar with the potential harms associated with all types of drug use. Step 2: Assess the harms and risk associated with the clients drug use by analyzing their pattern of drug use. You could use forms such as the when? Where? Why? With/from Whom? What happened? Step 3: Assess with the client and provide feedback to them about how their behaviour is contributing to the harms they are experiencing, Step4: Use a collaborative approach with the client to consider as many harm reduction strategies as possible. It is equally important to identify barriers to the implementation of these strategies. Step 5: Have the client identify their goals regarding drug use and related behaviors’ and delineate how they will achieve these goals Step6: Monitor the client behavior, reinforce positive changes and address difficulties Conclusion Worries concerning financial, social and marital problems are rampant these days, a brief consultation with a general practioner is not the best answer to many stress related problems that arise. One is likely to come away with a prescription for tranquilizer pill as a temporary measure without understanding the underlying problem. If the real trouble is disharmony at home one needs to be honest instead of coming up with bizarre symptoms forcing the doctor to prescribe tranquilizer which may not cure the problem but addiction. The goal of harm reduction strategies and approaches is to reduce the negative consequences of drug abuse, not to eliminate the use of illicit drugs. Harm reduction is a practical approach that employs a range of different strategies with the goal of minimizing the risk of the client contracting infectious diseases, overdosing or suffering other consequences related to the use of substances. Strategies may include changing the way people consume the drugs or insuring that the environment in which they use minimizes the risk of negative consequences of their health (infectious, overdose) or quality of life Legal problems, social and familiar issues, etc). Strategies can vary depending on the drug, the type of harm related to its consumption and the individual who consumes the drugs. Bibliography 1. Mac Master, S. (2004). Harm Reduction: a new perspective on substance abuse services. Social Work. v49 i3 p356. 2. Reinarman, C. and Levine H. (1997). Crack in America: Demon Drugs and Social Justice. University of California Press. Ch 10, 17. 3. Smith, A. (2001). Americas Lonely Drug War. Mother Jones, United Kingdom, London page 41-45 4. Does harm reduction programming make a difference in the lives of highly marginalized, at-risk drug users? (2004). Academy of Educational Development. Retrieved May 4th 2006 from Harm Reduction Journal at harmreductionjournal. com/content/1/1/7 5. Kaplin, S. (1994). The Effects Of Harm Reduction Vs Harm Prevention: An International Assessment. Retrieved May 4th 2006 from Sarnia Online at sarnia. com 6. Clemency Mitchell, 2003 vibrant health in the twenty first century, England page 87-91 7. D. N Marshall 2009, A guide to family Health Grantham ,England page 29-63,

American Born Chinese Essays - Buddhism In China, Free Essays

American Born Chinese Conformity can be defined as acting in a socially acceptable way while behaving in ways that may not be typically how a person acts. Throughout Gene Luen Yangs novel American Born Chinese, three main characters try to change themselves in order to fit in with the people that surround them. The characters struggle to find themselves and identify with their surroundings, but by doing so, they forget who they are and why where they come from is so important. The monkey king, Jin Wang, and Danny all put their greatest efforts in to mask their true identities and become something they arent. Eventually they realize who they are is who they are meant to be, and they should not try to change themselves any longer. Throughout the whole novel, the characters can be seen as disguising or hiding ones own true colors, soon after discovering that being ashamed of oneself is not the correct way to go about fitting in. The Monkey King tried to fit in and master the arts of kung-fu. He did so, and strived to reach immortality. When he waits in line for what seems to him like an eternity, he is politely turned away, showing his embarrassment to all around him. At this point, he is determined to make a change to himself into somebody who would be let into the land of immortality, despite his monkey self. After this, the Monkey King spends his days training, his nights meditating, and forbidding himself of food and water. He achieves the four major disciplines of invulnerability, to fire, to cold, to drowning and to wounds, and continues his new routine in order to achieve more. When he allows himself out of his chamber, he is shocked when he receives a notice saying he is being sentenced with death for trespassing upon Heaven. Although the Monkey King thought he was doing something successful in his training to become somebody he was not, in reality, he was just hurting himself even more. There is a r eason why he is not granted immortality, and his kind is not meant to live the life he was striving for. He attempts to overcome it all and get himself to heaven, being stopped upon the entrance, I created you I say that you are a monkey, therefore, you are a monkey (Yang 69). Shortly following this he is informed, I am Tze-Yo-Tzuh, all that I have created- all of existence- forever remains within the reach of my hand. You I have created. Therefore, you can never escape my reach (Yang 70). Despite the Monkey Kings best efforts to transform himself, he is reminded by his creator what he is meant to do, who he is, and who he is not. Jing Wang enters his new school and is immediately belittled by his teacher and classmates due to his nationality. Nobody takes the chance to get to know Jin and immediately he is categorized by the students as different just because he is Chinese. Because of this, Jin tends to put his culture and nationality to the side and focus on fitting in as a normal American grammar school student. At one point in the beginning of the novel, when Jin is speaking with a woman in the doctors office of his mother, he is asked what he wants to be when he grows up. His response is that he wants to be a transformer, and then continues to tell the woman that his mother thinks his idea is silly. The womans response to him is, Its easy to become anything you wish, so long as youre willing to forfeit your soul (Yang 29). This can also become foreshadowing to the events to follow, as Jin begins to change himself to fit in with the rest of the kids in his school. Jin feels shame in his nationality and turns away from another new Asian student when he tries to befriend him. At first, Jin denies his friendship and tries to act better than Wei-Chen, like the others treated him when he first arrived. Jin wants nothing to do with his culture and feels ashamed to be compared to the new student because

TEEN DRINKING AND DRIVING Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

TEEN DRINKING AND DRIVING - Research Paper Example As a result, this paper, therefore, explores the issues that are concerned with these problems, the consequences, and suggestions on the best way forward. Background Information Most states within US have a zero tolerance when it comes to teenage drinking where some states even have an outline of the maximum blood and alcohol concentration levels for teenagers. As such, the limit is set to be at 0.001% for all teenage drivers, which translates to no drinking. The law does not allow teenagers and other persons who may not have attained the required drinking age of 21 in all the states to purchase alcoholic beverage or to be found in possession of alcoholic beverages. However, the CDC reports that teenagers in the United States abuse of Alcohol more than tobacco and other illegal drugs, which proves it beyond reasonable doubt that indulgence in alcohol and subsequent driving under the influence of alcohol poses serious problems to them and the society. In addition, CDC reports that the number (percentage) of teenagers who are in high school indulging in alcohol abuse, and driving under the influence of alcohol has reduced by more than half since 1991. ... However, CDC provides facts on teenage drinking in the United States showing that the rate of teenagers who are driving under the influence of alcohol, or who are driving, as well as consuming alcohol to have reduced by 54 per cent as from 1991 (â€Å"Teen drinking and driving†). Currently, the number of high school teenagers engaging in drunk driving is reportedly about 2.4 million persons every month. In the year 2010, reports indicate that one in every five teenage drivers, who were involved in fatal motor vehicle accidents, had alcohol in their blood streams. These important research findings shows that big strides have been taken to eliminate this problem from the society, but a lot needs to be done to reduce it further and consequently eliminate the menace. It has been suggested in some quarters that the key to eliminating the menace revolves around involving the parents of teenagers, lowering the minimum drinking age, and enacting punitive laws that are zero tolerant am ongst others. It has also been suggested that the driving licensing system should adopt the graduated driving licensing system (Peden et al 112). Minimum Drinking Age In the United States, the minimum drinking Age is 21, as opposed to most countries that have set their drinking age at 18, but there have been considerations by most states to lower the drinking age to below 21. Many young people indulging in alcohol abuse and driving under the influence of alcohol most often undergo painful consequences, which have raised concerns as to whether lowering the minimum drinking age is likely to lead to a reduction of the occurrences or eliminate the problem altogether. Maisto et al 417 showed that in 1999, the minimum drinking age in New Zealand was lowered from 20 to18. Consequently, in the

Behavior in Higher Mammals Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Behavior in Higher Mammals - Essay Example They achieved a balance between molecular work, on the one hand, and anatomical and paleontological2 work on the other hand making them the higher amongst the all mammals found. Scientists say placental mammals are the most prominent mammals in the world today. Realizing the biggest category of the mammals we need to understand the ways in which we could observe them. Various precautions have to be taken before beginning with this activity. Some the things that have to be studied are It would be easy to observe domestic mammals in the beginning if you are not equipped with complete biological exploring4 kit. If you have a large team and resources you can go out and observe them in open settings else placental mammals can be started with to begin the study. Some of the placental mammals include rats, squirrels, rabbits, elephants, horses, lions, tigers, pandas, pigs, sheep, dolphins, whales, as well as humans and other primates. So we can begin our study by choosing the mammals we can have control over like rats, squirrel, pig, sheep, dolphins because they might be too friendly about your observation activity. So being precautious friendly mammal has to be chosen before you become expert with the technique of observing mammals. (According to Frost, PWS and the Gulf of Alaska (GOA)) Some o... Various precautions have to be taken before beginning with this activity. Some the things that have to be studied are We need to study the eating habits of the mammal. Realization of its food chain and biome3 is most necessary. Categorization into domestic and free mammal has to be realized. If one chooses to observe a mammal in a natural and semi natural surroundings one has to get knowledge about their foot marks their smell and things which attract them. Gulati Peeyush 2007 Keen observations have to be made depending upon the environment we have chosen to make observations. It would be easy to observe domestic mammals in the beginning if you are not equipped with complete biological exploring4 kit. If you have a large team and resources you can go out and observe them in open settings else placental mammals can be started with to begin the study. Some of the placental mammals include rats, squirrels, rabbits, elephants, horses, lions, tigers, pandas, pigs, sheep, dolphins, whales, as well as humans and other primates. So we can begin our study by choosing the mammals we can have control over like rats, squirrel, pig, sheep, dolphins because they might be too friendly about your observation activity. So being precautious friendly mammal has to be chosen before you become expert with the technique of observing mammals. (According to Frost, PWS and the Gulf of Alaska (GOA)) Some of the richest marine mammal fauna in the world: 21 species are currently known to live in these waters, of these 21, four species - the harbor seal, the killer whale, the sea otter, and the stellar sea lion - would likely be the easiest and most useful to monitor. So if you are technologically

Technology Strategies. Kudler Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Technology Strategies. Kudler Company - Essay Example The aspect of selection and implementation of relevant changes in technological advancements for the improvement of the company needs expert opinions as it would flop if it were to be done without following the due process as stipulated in rules and guidelines that provide the guidance on the way forward. In light of this fears, an approach is proposed that will be good in a contingent way as well as in a way that accommodates a socio-technical approach (Floyd, 2010). One of the mostly applied strategies includes the Initial Public Offering. This is also referred to as the IPO. This strategy is often resorted to by new companies that are out to facilitate the expansion of their operations. The IPO serves such crucial functions that are elementary and of significant importance to the company. It occurs when the firm offers common shares openly to the public. There can always be possibility to raise capitals through commissions of exchanges that are registered to undertake the public offering. When the company takes this step, it must be ready to face an obvious amount of public scrutiny. The company however faces increased responsibility that are accompanied by opportunities to strengthen the relations between the firm owners and the major stakeholders that make the wheels of change turn and move forward. (Floyd, 2010) One such company that practices IPO is the Kudler Fine Foods. The company has made immense growth on the competitive field of busin ess. The company tends to issue preferred securities or common stocks and that in the long run create essential growth of capital and its acceleration. Kudler Company can achieve accelerated growth through hiring of new personnel, expanding development and the forms of research that are involved. The major effect of this strategy is to enable the company penetrate into global investment base to facilitate large investment of capital. Kudler Fine Foods is now required to keep the stakeholders up to date on the management strategies of the company as well as the business operations and legal obligations as they arise. Working under public examination works well to keep the company on toes. (Paul, 2007) The second strategy that a firm can opt for in bringing in a new perspective of seeing things is that of acquisition. Through acquisition, a company acquires on or more of the companies that work within the same market. Acquisitions often get done with the main aim of growing and expand ing the firm. One such firm that practices such form of strategy is the BOC gases. They have acquired other smaller manufacturers of gases and put them under the same umbrella. (Lawson, 2006) Acquisition can happen in two possible ways. One way is that of mutual understanding whereby the companies agree to join hands or to be acquired. The other form is that of forceful takeover which can mostly just be done by companies that are publically traded. When the latter happens, more than 50 % of the acquired company is taken under control by the big company that forcefully takes over. However it looks more than obvious that the situation for BOC gases. The other smaller firms that are under the umbrella were mostly acquired in a willing seller and willing buyer basis whereby the small firms opted for this option as they may have noticed their profits going down. The companies’ desire for growth can now be achieved from a comfortable position whereby they are secure. This form of s trategy also enables the bigger company to venture into new geographic locations and to expand their base for doing business hence increasing opportunities. (Floyd, 2010) The third strategy that a firm can apply in the growth and expansion is that of merger.

Disciplining students with disabilities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Disciplining students with disabilities - Essay Example ly, discipline makes students learn how to manage and control their own behavior, and lastly, discipline can also ensures an effective classroom climate that has positive impact on the students. Regardless of whether the students are disabled or not, disciplinary action is deemed necessary to ensure control and management of the students. All students have a right to be disciplined using the prescribed procedural and substantive areas of discipline. These rights are provided for under the 4th and 14th amendments of the US Constitution. Procedural procedure includes fairness of the disciplinary actions, while substantive process protects student rights from being violated by school officials and ensures that the discipline is reasonable, regardless of the student’s physical condition. Students with disabilities are protected from discriminatory disciplinary action under Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act (1973). There are certain procedures that are to be followed to avoid such discrimination. First of all, the school administration has to use same procedures for disciplining both students with or without disabilities. Secondly, school officials have to conduct the manifestation determination in order to assess any relations between student disabilities and their misconduct, before applying any actions such as long-term suspension, expulsion or placement changes. Thirdly, school officials have to ensure the teachers are conversant with the provisions of the law (such as provisions of section 504), so as due procedures are followed during disciplinary action. There are three major pointers that underlie disciplinary changes of the 1997 IDEA and the 2004 IDEA. To begin with, the law categorically emphasizes on the adoption of positive behavioral interventions, support programs and provision of specialized services for students with disabilities. This ensures that such students are less likely to be punished. Secondly, school officials and teachers are expected

Individual interviewsversus group interviews Essay

Individual interviewsversus group interviews - Essay Example Individual interviews are also found to be an appropriate form of data collection in the event that an interviewer needs to ask a number of follow up questions. During individual interviews, there is no significant time delay between when a question is first posed by the interviewer and when the interviewee answers it. Both the interviewer and the interviewee can be able to immediately react to what the other happens to be saying. A key advantage to his synchronous communication is identified as being the fact that the answers provided by the interviewee are found to be more spontaneous without having any extended reflection (Harris, 2013). Group interview or focus groups would be deemed to be more appropriate or be beneficial when used in addition to individual interviews in the event that the interview wants to determine how the different candidates are able to interact with each other in a group setting. The interviewer may ask the interviews to work together towards the resolution of problems. This will provide an opportunity whereby the interviewer will be able to observe and very carefully note how each individual performs. Group interview are found be more appropriate in the event that an interviewer wishes to reduce the amount of time it takes to conduct the interview. Individual interviews tend to take a lot of time but with group interviews, a number of candidates can all be interviewed at one go (Denscombe,

Technology Strategies. Kudler Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Technology Strategies. Kudler Company - Essay Example The aspect of selection and implementation of relevant changes in technological advancements for the improvement of the company needs expert opinions as it would flop if it were to be done without following the due process as stipulated in rules and guidelines that provide the guidance on the way forward. In light of this fears, an approach is proposed that will be good in a contingent way as well as in a way that accommodates a socio-technical approach (Floyd, 2010). One of the mostly applied strategies includes the Initial Public Offering. This is also referred to as the IPO. This strategy is often resorted to by new companies that are out to facilitate the expansion of their operations. The IPO serves such crucial functions that are elementary and of significant importance to the company. It occurs when the firm offers common shares openly to the public. There can always be possibility to raise capitals through commissions of exchanges that are registered to undertake the public offering. When the company takes this step, it must be ready to face an obvious amount of public scrutiny. The company however faces increased responsibility that are accompanied by opportunities to strengthen the relations between the firm owners and the major stakeholders that make the wheels of change turn and move forward. (Floyd, 2010) One such company that practices IPO is the Kudler Fine Foods. The company has made immense growth on the competitive field of busin ess. The company tends to issue preferred securities or common stocks and that in the long run create essential growth of capital and its acceleration. Kudler Company can achieve accelerated growth through hiring of new personnel, expanding development and the forms of research that are involved. The major effect of this strategy is to enable the company penetrate into global investment base to facilitate large investment of capital. Kudler Fine Foods is now required to keep the stakeholders up to date on the management strategies of the company as well as the business operations and legal obligations as they arise. Working under public examination works well to keep the company on toes. (Paul, 2007) The second strategy that a firm can opt for in bringing in a new perspective of seeing things is that of acquisition. Through acquisition, a company acquires on or more of the companies that work within the same market. Acquisitions often get done with the main aim of growing and expand ing the firm. One such firm that practices such form of strategy is the BOC gases. They have acquired other smaller manufacturers of gases and put them under the same umbrella. (Lawson, 2006) Acquisition can happen in two possible ways. One way is that of mutual understanding whereby the companies agree to join hands or to be acquired. The other form is that of forceful takeover which can mostly just be done by companies that are publically traded. When the latter happens, more than 50 % of the acquired company is taken under control by the big company that forcefully takes over. However it looks more than obvious that the situation for BOC gases. The other smaller firms that are under the umbrella were mostly acquired in a willing seller and willing buyer basis whereby the small firms opted for this option as they may have noticed their profits going down. The companies’ desire for growth can now be achieved from a comfortable position whereby they are secure. This form of s trategy also enables the bigger company to venture into new geographic locations and to expand their base for doing business hence increasing opportunities. (Floyd, 2010) The third strategy that a firm can apply in the growth and expansion is that of merger.

Individual interviewsversus group interviews Essay

Individual interviewsversus group interviews - Essay Example Individual interviews are also found to be an appropriate form of data collection in the event that an interviewer needs to ask a number of follow up questions. During individual interviews, there is no significant time delay between when a question is first posed by the interviewer and when the interviewee answers it. Both the interviewer and the interviewee can be able to immediately react to what the other happens to be saying. A key advantage to his synchronous communication is identified as being the fact that the answers provided by the interviewee are found to be more spontaneous without having any extended reflection (Harris, 2013). Group interview or focus groups would be deemed to be more appropriate or be beneficial when used in addition to individual interviews in the event that the interview wants to determine how the different candidates are able to interact with each other in a group setting. The interviewer may ask the interviews to work together towards the resolution of problems. This will provide an opportunity whereby the interviewer will be able to observe and very carefully note how each individual performs. Group interview are found be more appropriate in the event that an interviewer wishes to reduce the amount of time it takes to conduct the interview. Individual interviews tend to take a lot of time but with group interviews, a number of candidates can all be interviewed at one go (Denscombe,

Patients Dealing with Poverty Essay Example for Free

Patients Dealing with Poverty Essay Poverty affects almost half the world. Over three billion people live on less than $2.50 a day (Global Issues). The United States, one of the wealthiest nations in the world, accounts for almost 12% of these statistics. In addition to these people, another 50 million are â€Å"near poverty† level. Even more alarming, according to the 1999 Census Bureau, over 16% of all children in the United States live in poverty verse the recorded 12% of adults (Yahoo Health). I chose to write about people living with poverty because God has really placed the issue on my heart this year. Last May, my father lost his job and became homeless. I am happy to say he is now employed and looking for housing. After seeing the effects of poverty first hand, I have felt tremendously compelled to reach out to those in need. I have applied for an Episcopal Urban Intern Program through AmeriCorps and if I am accepted, I will be working with them starting in August. God has really blessed me with a heart of compassion and understanding, and I want to use that gift to serve others to the best of my ability. Poverty is a global issue that affects every corner of our world. There are an endless amount of people suffering in every county and many issues to be discussed. Because there are so many people affected worldwide, I am only going to focus on the effects in the United States for this essay. So, what is poverty? Poverty can be defined in several different ways. According to the US Census Bureau, poverty is measured in numbers. Any person living on a yearly income of $11,136 or under (add $2,820 for each additional person in the household) is considered to be in poverty (US Census 2010). However, the social definition of poverty is any person living with a lack of essential items such as food, clothing, water, and shelter (Think Quest). Minority racial and ethnic groups are much more likely to live in poverty. Also, poverty is much more prevalent in single, female-headed households (Yahoo Health). It is extremely important to be educated about the kinds of people living in poverty, especially if you are a healthcare worker, because the effects of their financial status greatly impact their well-being. Individuals living at or near poverty level suffer a variety of chronic ailments. They often have no health insurance so they rely on emergency rooms for care and often do not fill their prescriptions. They frequently postpone getting medical care due to lack of insurance and also have shorter life spans (Society of Teachers of Family Medicine). For every small decrease in income we see a significant decrease in health outcome. Another big concern of poverty-level individuals is that they are more likely to smoke and to live sedentary lifestyles (Hope Through Healing Hands). In a study done in year 2000, researchers found that more than one third of people living in poverty had a drug or alco hol problem. Also, more than half (56%) of those studied reported not having enough to eat at sometime in the last year (Society of Teachers of Family Medicine). Lack of nutrition, for any period of time, can cause detrimental effects on the body such as weight loss, bone deterioration, and even death (Merck Manuals). Mental health issues such as depression and anxiety were also very prevalent in this study of poverty-stricken people. Something very interesting to me about this study is that in response to interview questions about issues in daily life, personal health and/or access to health care services were the third most commonly cited concerns (employment and housing were the top two concerns). Among these health concerns, costs and health insurance coverage were the biggest issues raised. Nearly half of Americans whose incomes are below 150% of the poverty level are without insurance coverage. In contrast, only about 40% of those with incomes below 100% of the poverty level are without health insurance (Society of Teachers of Family Medicine). This is due to the target income range of government programs. Federal and state programs (such as Medicaid) help tremendously with insuring those at poverty level. However, there are many others considered the â€Å"working poor† who do not qualify for these programs. These people all too often have to choose between paying for meals and paying for health care. Those living in poverty that do have health insurance from government programs often have very limited coverage. Prescription medications and medical supplies (such as eyeglasses) are often not included. Healthcare professionals often mistake those in poverty, especially those between the 150% 200% level range, as non-compliant patients (Society of Teachers of Family Medicine). Because people living in poverty often do not come in for preventative care, do not fill prescriptions, and fail to adhere to other recommendations, they can easily be mistaken for â€Å"bad patients.† It is a common misconception that they are ignorant to the importance of health care. It is imperative to understand that these individuals are doing the best they can with the finances and resources they have available. The main solution to health care problems those living in poverty face is a change to our health care system. Coverage needs to be available to all members of society for all health needs. As healthcare workers, we are not all called to be change agents in the world for this cause. However, we can educate ourselves to better understand poverty so we can deal effectively with those patients experiencing it. Americans almost always seem to be informed of poverty in under-developed countries. They also seem to be well-aware that poverty causes poor health. Still, many in the U.S. remain unaware that this problem exists in our country as well (Hope Through Healing Hands). Healthcare providers can communicate effectively with poverty-stricken individuals by showing a genuine desire to assist and serve them. Developing a sense of empathy, not sympathy, for the person shows that you care for them rather than feel bad for them. It is important to understand that these individuals’ sense of time occurs only in the present. They rarely think of the future or what effects their present actions might have on them later in life (TFC Association). They live for today because that is all they have. It is best to project kindness to these individuals, as with any group of people. Another very effective tool for helping those living in poverty is providing resources. Researching free or low-cost programs in your community and sharing them with these patients is a great way to help. Using appropriate humor is also a great way to lighten the mood and bring a smile to someone’s face that may be experiencing financial hardships (TFC Association). There are so many problems poverty brings upon an individual. Living with this burden can truly effect a person is so many ways. As a healthcare worker there is only so much we can do to assist people at these low-income levels. Although we can not provide a means for them financially or fix the living situation they are in, it is important to understand the impact we can have just by being compassionate. If you work in an office with ignorance to this issue, it is vital to inform those around you about the effects of poverty on health care. Before jumping to conclusions about a patient who is non-compliant, you may want to ask questions to find out if it is due to poverty. The key is to treat them with dignity and respect, regardless of their social status, and you really will make a difference. Works Cited 1. Poverty Facts and Stats — Global Issues. Global Issues : Social, Political, Economic and Environmental Issues That Affect Us All — Global Issues. Web. 24 Mar. 2011. http://www.globalissues.org/article/26/poverty-facts-and-stats. 2. Poverty. Yahoo! Health. Web. 24 Mar. 2011. http://health.yahoo.net/galecontent/poverty-and-health#povertyintheunitedstates. 3. Poverty Data Poverty Threshholds U.S Census Bureau. Census Bureau Home Page. Web. 24 Mar. 2011. http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/poverty/data/threshld/index.html. 4. Finding Solutions to Poverty. A Dollar a Day: What Is Poverty? Web. 24 Mar. 2011. http://library.thinkquest.org/05aug/00282/over_whatis.htm. 5. Understanding the Culture of Poverty. Society of Teachers of Family Medicine. Web. 24 Mar. 2011. www.tfcassociation.org//10Beveridge%20Todd%2022OCT%20THU%20Plenary.ppt. 6. Poverty and Healthcare: Fatefully Linked. Hope Through Healing Hands. Web. 24 Mar. 2011. http://www.hopethroughhealinghands.org/_uploads/Pov erty%20and%20Healthcare_Fatefully%20Linked_Johnson%20City%20Press_6.21.09.pdf. 7. Undernutrition: Disorders of Nutrition and Metabolism: Merck Manual Home Edition. Merck Co., Inc. Is a Global Research-driven Pharmaceutical Products Company. Web. 24 Mar. 2011. http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/sec12/ch153/ch153a.html. 8. â€Å"Health Needs of People Living Below Poverty Level.† Transplant Financial Coordinators. Web. 24 Mar. 2011. http://www.stfm.org/fmhub/fm2001/may01/special2.pdf.

An analysis of the Feminism Theory

An analysis of the Feminism Theory Belief in the social, political and economic equality of the sexes, the movement organized around this belief. Feminist theory is an outgrowth of the general movement to empower women worldwide. Feminism can be defined as a recognition and critique of male supremacy combined with effort to change it. Simply saying: Feminist fights for the equality of women and argue that women should share equally in societys opportunities and scare resources. Goals of Feminism: To demonstrate the importance of women. To reveal that historically women have been subordinate to men. To bring about gender equity. Historical Perspective: Three Waves of Feminism First Wave (19th through early 20th centuries). Second Wave (1960s-1980s). Third Wave (1990s-Present) First Wave Feminism: First-wave feminism refers to a period of feminist activity during the nineteenth century and early twentieth century. It focused primarily on gaining the right of womens suffrage. The term, first-wave, was coined retrospectively after the term second-wave feminism began to be used to describe a newer feminist movement that focused as much on fighting social and cultural inequalities as further political inequalities. Second Wave Feminism: The second-wave of the Womens Movement began during the early 1960s and lasted throughout the late 1970s. Whereas first-wave feminism focused mainly on overturning legal (de jure) obstacles to equality (i.e. voting rights, property rights), second-wave feminism addressed a wide range of issues, including unofficial (de facto) inequalities, official legal inequalities, sexuality, family, the workplace, and, perhaps most controversially, reproductive rights. Third Wave Feminism: Third-wave feminism began in the early 1990s, arising as a response to perceived failures of the second wave. and also as a response to the backlash against initiatives and movements created by the second wave. Feminist leaders rooted in the second wave like Gloria Anzaldua, bell hooks, Chela Sandoval, Cherrie Moraga, Audre Lorde, Maxine Hong Kingston, and many other feminists of color, sought to negotiate a space within feminist thought for consideration of race-related subjectivities. Types of Feminism: Liberal Feminism: All people are created equal and should not be denied equality of opportunity because of gender. Liberal Feminists focus their efforts on social change through the construction of legislation and regulation of employment practices. Inequality stems from the denial of equal rights. The primary obstacle to equality is sexism. Marxist Feminism: Division of labor is related to gender role expectations. Females give birth. Males left to support family Bourgeoisie=Men Proletariat=Women Radical Feminism: Male power and privilege is the basis of social relations. Sexism is the ultimate tool used by men to keep women oppressed. Women are the first oppressed group. Womens oppression is the most widespread. Womens oppression is the deepest. Socialist Feminism: Views womens oppression as stemming from their work in the family and the economy. Womens inferior position is the result of class-based capitalism. Socialist believes that history can be made in the private sphere (home) not just the public sphere (work). Feminism and the Media: The mass media have played an important role in the dilution of feminist goals and ideals. They often ignore, trivialize, or belittle the principles of feminism. The media employs several techniques or strategies that contribute to the negative representations of women and feminism, which are also damaging to the central goals of feminism. Women are often represented as sexual spectacles, as being on display for men. Patriarchal society dictates that women be constructed as an object for the gaze of the male spectator. Women are positioned as the passive object of the male gaze, rather than the subject in mainstream media and come to internalize this view (Dow, 1999; 1997; Wahers, 1992). Wahers (1992) describes the male gaze as the idea of men determining the specific vantage point of media depictions of women, as occupying a privileged space in the process-of contacting ways of seeing. Ways of seeing remains an important text for feminist cultural theorists who contend that women are forced to identify themselves within in a visual society constructed for male pleasure (Walters, 1999; 1992). Wolf (1992) suggests that womens attempts at achieving equality are negatively affected by images of women portrayed as sex objects. She discusses the concept of the beauty myth, which refers to how womens societal worth is based on physical appearance and youthful beauty. Walters argues that objectification of women is not an added-on attraction, but rather endemic to the very structure of image-making (Walters, 1999, p. 235). This is exemplified in media advertisements where women are frequently represented in what Wahers (1999) terms a fragmented way. Women are often signified by their specific body parts; their lips, legs, hair, eyes, etc., instead of being represented as a serious whole or subject. In advertisements women are urged to think of their bodies as things or parts that need to be molded and shaped into a male conception of female perfection. The fragmentation of the female body into body parts that women should then improve often results in women having self-hating re lationships with their bodies. Media Feminism in Pakistan: Muslim women form a highly diverse and complex group and assumptions about them are often ill-conceived, miss-informed and grossly miss-represented. This is often reflected in images of them, particularly in the West, as oppressed, powerless and victimized. The voices of Muslim women, striving to keep their religious identity in Western contexts, are seriously under-represented within academic research. In recent years there has been an increasing interest in Islamic culture as a fundamentalist and sensationalist phenomenon. Media coverage and Western scholarship often views Muslim women as an oppressed mute victim and asserts or implies that Islam itself oppresses women. Islamic Feminism and Its Role in Cinema is a study derived to counter react the portrayal of Muslim women by the media. Feminists and Muslim women activists have sought to determine the cause of discrimination against women by examining the effects on Muslim women of patriarchy, kinship and norms within Muslim and non-Muslim societies. 6 Overall trends in the published material focus on colonialism, Orientals and the media as the cause of discrimination against the Muslim womans identity. An extensive study of the research literature has failed to identify how Muslim women filmmakers represent Muslim women and whether they support feminist agenda. Critical Analysis: Movie Name: Dragon Seed (1944) Dragon Seed is co-directed by Harold S. Bucquet and Jack Conway. It received two Academy Award Nominations for Best Supporting Actress, Aline MacMahon, and for Best (Black-and-White) Cinematography, Sidney Wagner. The freewheeling plot has a heroic young Chinese feminist woman, Jade (Katharine Hepburn), who goes dressed as a man to lead her fellow peaceful farmer villagers in an uprising against the Japanese invaders. It opens in the spring of 1937 with patriarch Ling Tan (Walter Huston) and his family planting rice in the valley of Ling, China. The farmers are concerned about the recent Japanese invasion of the north, and take out their anger on Wu Lienas an angry student mob insists that he stop selling Japanese merchandise or else. When he refuses their demands, they destroy his store. Soon after the farmers observe Japanese airplanes bombing the nearby city. The pacifist Ling is shocked by the attack, but along with Lao San and eldest son Lao Ta (Robert Bice) decide to remain on their farm despite the anticipated dangers of a Japanese invasion. While Lao Er and Jade join a resistance group of refugees in the hills. Upon their departure the Japanese Army takes over the valley, and Lao Tas wife Orchid is raped and killed by the invading soldiers, who also kill Wu Liens elderly mother. Ling and his wife remain secure as they go into hiding. This cruelty drives the remaining sons of Ling to join the resistance. In the conclusion, Ling must accept that he must destroy his land so that he can sacrifice his present gains to ensure the future of his grandson. When Jade and hubby rejoin the resistance fighters in the hills to ensure a Free China, they leave their son the, seed of the dragon, in the care of his loving grandparents. The story of this movie showed that how the brave women struggles and fight for their country, she appears as a caring mother, a loving and trustworthy wife and a true patriot. The movie shows that how the heroic young Chinese woman leads her fellow villagers in an uprising against Japanese Invaders. This movie truly reflect the feminism theory.

henry clays american system Essays -- essays research papers

Henry Clay’s American System 1832 Background: Following the War of 1812, Henry Clay, John C. Calhoun, and John Quincy Adams helped form a new political agenda, which promised to meet the needs of America. It was a new nationalist United States. Henry Clay's "American System" was a neofederalist program of a national bank, a tariff to promote and protect industry’s, and financial improvements. Parties Involved: Henry Clays started as lawyer In Richmond, Virginia. In 1797 he quickly acquired a reputation and a lucrative income from his law practice. At the age of twenty-two, he was elected to a constitutional convention in Kentucky; at twenty-nine, while yet under the age limit of the United States Constitution, he was appointed to an unexpired term during 1806 and 1807 in the ... henry clays american system Essays -- essays research papers Henry Clay’s American System 1832 Background: Following the War of 1812, Henry Clay, John C. Calhoun, and John Quincy Adams helped form a new political agenda, which promised to meet the needs of America. It was a new nationalist United States. Henry Clay's "American System" was a neofederalist program of a national bank, a tariff to promote and protect industry’s, and financial improvements. Parties Involved: Henry Clays started as lawyer In Richmond, Virginia. In 1797 he quickly acquired a reputation and a lucrative income from his law practice. At the age of twenty-two, he was elected to a constitutional convention in Kentucky; at twenty-nine, while yet under the age limit of the United States Constitution, he was appointed to an unexpired term during 1806 and 1807 in the ...

Uniting Mind, Body, and Spirit in Hermann Hesses Siddhartha Essay

Uniting Mind, Body, and Spirit in Hermann Hesse's Siddhartha Each of us has innate desire to understand the purpose of our existence.   As Hermann Hesse illustrates in his novel Siddhartha, the journey to wisdom may be difficult.   Organized religion helps many to find meaning in life but it does not substitute careful introspection. An important message of Siddhartha is that to achieve enlightenment one must unite the experiences of mind, body, and spirit.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the first part of the book, Siddhartha is consumed by his thirst for knowledge.   He joined the samanas and listened to the teachings of the Buddha in attempt to discern the true way to Nirvana.   Though he perfected the arts of meditation and self-denial, he realized that no teachings could show him the way to inner peace.   While with the ascetics only a third of his quest was accomplished.   Siddhartha said, "You have learned nothing through teachings, and so I think, O Illustrious One, that nobody finds salvation through teachings" (27).   His experiences with the samanas and Gotama were essential to his inner journey because they teach him that he cannot be taught, however this knowledge alone would not deliver him to enlightenment.   Siddhartha had taken the first step in his quest but without the discovery of the body and spirit, his knowledge was useless in attaining Nirvana.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The second part of the book describes Siddhartha's indulgences of the body.   The narrator stated, "How many long years he had spent without any lofty goal, without any thirst, without any exaltation, content with small pleasures yet never really satisfied" (67).   Though at the time he did not realize it, Siddhartha had to experience the lowliness of a material... ...is wound was healing, his pain was dispersing; his Self had merged into unity" (111).   He now understood that all things are in harmony, heading towards the same goal and he therefore knew he had no reason to mourn over his son.  Ã‚   Siddhartha had then completed his search for inner direction and attained Nirvana through experiences of the mind, body, and spirit.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When the experiences of mind, body, and spirit are united inner direction is found and meaning is given to life.   Herman Hesse documents specifically the Buddhist inner journey but this path is applicable to all faiths.   He implies that we must all acknowledge the unity of everything and understand how we belong to it.   Our inner journey is very personal but our goals to achieve complete love and compassion are one and the same.   Work Cited Hesse, Herman. Siddhartha. Dover Publications, 1998.

Effect of Drum Pad Machines on Today’s Musicians and their Performances Essay

The chief use of drums and percussion keeps a song’s rhythm intact. Under a layering series of melodies and additional harmonies, the direction in varying yet calculated overall tempo of a song is maneuvered through as the percussionist’s prerogative changes. The natural pulse of the song is kept by the musical intelligence quotient through the musician’s ear. But with the ever-enduring evolution of technology in music and vice-versa, electronic percussion equipment and devices have boomed through different artists’ musical expression and have impacted diverse evolution among genres, especially and significantly on live performances. It seems like the powerful beats and thumps of a traditionally played drum kit have indeed found a rival in loops and grooves of electronic percussion. It can be argued that, with the introduction of this, specifically with drum pads, machines, and software, it has an effect on live music which somewhat eliminates a key human contributory component integral in percussions to song and performance. Effects of Drum Pad Machines on Today’s Musicians and their performances In every live musical performance, the percussion element of the music being delivered by a musician or group of musicians fundamentally serves as the pulse and momentum for a song, and the song changes as the performance develops. Moreover, it considerably serves as the main musical queue as the pace of the song slowly builds up for an array of artistically audible outbursts or surprisingly dies down for a more instant tone-tempo change effect as required in a performance—adding sense of presentation and colorful musical tones within. In this generation’s music scene, the rise of drum pad machines have ushered in electronic loops and grooves for musicians’ convenience in song composition, song rehearsals and more importantly, even upon live performances. Definition of a Drum, Drum Kit, and Drum Pad Machine The most common image of a drum or any form of drums of which many hold could be believed to be anything that is round, and as a series of striking motion hits are applied to, sound is produced. Though this is somewhat true from what truly a drum is, it is not completely accurate. As explained by Drumdojo. com (2008): A drum is any cylindrical object (shell) or object with an open top that has a membrane normally called a head or skin stretched across it, this is known as a membranophone. The drum is struck on the membrane to produce a tone (n p. ). In a drum kit, which is traditionally and mainly used by drummer-musicians in live bands and performances as the main provider for a song’s percussion ingredients, it essentially consists of â€Å"percussion instruments generally including but not limited to bass drum, operated with a foot pedal, snare drum, cymbals, and toms† (Drumdojo. com, 2008, n p. ). A drum machine is basically considered to be an electronic musical gadget, the main purpose of which is to mimic a traditional drums kit—from every single instrument belonging to a kit and with every single sound it is capable of producing. Effects of Using Drum Pad Machines Live Despite the certain differentiations between drum pad machines and traditional percussion instruments such as a drum set, the option of choosing to use a drum pad machine truly lies within the motive and intent of various artists and their expression amongst genres. However, one must understand that with a drum pad machine, there are certain overlooked limitations it holds which in turn constrain the artists’ over-all performance. Since a drum pad machine is a developed piece of technology, a mechanical gadget and a traditional drum kits is crafted through key specifications of size, material, and everything else in between. There would always be a direct comparison, and it could be said that a drum pad machine creation is fuelled by convenience and technology in music, while the drum kits’ creation is duly developed for the art and science of music. As the comparison builds, it would more often than not end only in how musically and significantly restrictive a drum pad machine is to a live performance. With a drum pad machine, the player is considered rather mechanical than artistic. Since the beats, grooves, and loop are pre-programmed and just available for drum pad machine player’s use on the machine, there is somewhat a reduction of the live aspect of a live performance. Buttons and pads available in the drum pad machine can be meddled and pressed by anyone. Thus, there are fewer requirements of truly learning the electronic instrument which translates to even lesser basis of substantiating a drum pad machine player to be skillful in anyway. In terms of a musician’s confidence, since a drum machine could indeed be so compact, there would be much faith in its utilization, but there is a dismissed aspect of being confident in playing live which is the essence of any live performance. In addition, it is known that with the use of a manual and probably minimal practice, anyone could claim the throne being a skilled drum pad machine musician. Being in this age of accessible information, all these carry on and are known by the fans and music enthusiasts who attend live musical performances. Using drum pad machines in a live performance could be translated to perfect pitches and tones since there are already pre-set programming which rather does the work for the artist as opposed to fatigue that could take place as a percussionist performs via hands or sticks. But with this, the use of such only removes the human aspect of artistic expression and justifies a live performance to be strictly a calculation. Fatigue is part of any and every live performance because it only shows that the artists express themselves to be able to connect with their audience—it may be a factor, but is not a good enough reason to compromise an aspect for a live performance. Hence, using a drum pad machine instead of live percussion instrument defeats the purpose of a live performance, for it limits not only individual musical fills and additions a musician may place to highlight style, but it also reduces artistic improvisation that is usually found in a live performance. There is also another important feature which drum pad machines falls short off in a live performance. In varying world cultures which entail diverse musical genres, a drum machine would hold to be off-putting in almost every sense. Musically, almost all cultures in the world holds a percussion instrument of their own which sets not only as a brand of the music they have, but more importantly is part of their cultural and nationalistic identity. For instance, Arabic music is known for the role of percussion instruments like the tabla (University of Florida. com, 2008, n. p. ). Al-Hammar (1999) describes the tabla as an hour-glass shaped drum which is â€Å"traditionally made of clay, [but] more recently, it has been made of metal. The head is made of fish, goat or other animal skins, [and it] has also largely been replaced by a plastic substitute† (n. p. ). In a live performance, it is rather disloyal and to every extent be only a poor imitation and expression of Arabic music in performing such hymns from their culture through a drum machine—to purposely mechanize a culture’s music. It is rather a futile attempt to replace the original sound produced from a distinctive percussion instrument. The main discrepancy lies not in perceived purpose but by intended function. In terms of serving their purpose, both can be of true service in providing the percussion for songs but vary in live performances. The major advantage which a traditional drum kit or a live percussion instrument may hold is of crucial disadvantage for the drum pad machine. Since different percussion instruments comprise a drum kit, particular specifications for each could be done, made, and assembled most fittingly for the musician’s unique and artistic style of playing—in terms of tuning, material used, alloy utilized, etc. More importantly, with a drum kit and other live percussion instruments being played in a performance, a definitive and distinctive sound for the percussion line could be identified. Significantly, the genuine trademark of the artist is imbedded within a song which is indeed crucial in any musical form of expression. Nevertheless, it could be rebutted that aside from being handy and portable as compared to a drum set, the compact drum pad machine holds tone and tempo programming that a drum kit has, and more— all is just a click, touch, or button away. However, its perceived purpose is also its key weakness because the various percussion tones found in the drum pad machine’s electronic memory chips is produced mainly not by the artist but essentially by the machine, as compared to the authentically noteworthy contribution by a musician in performance as the parts of a drum kit or a percussion instrument is played. The musician playing would pour on and express the themes and emotions of the song and connect with the audience with every commanding yet calculated strike, with every forceful and fierce kick, and every dominant splash. This visual and musical performance experience is not as illuminating or animated as a drum machine player pressing buttons on a drum pad machine. Thus, drum pad machines constrict the overall aspect of a live musical performance and do hold back the artist’s live execution. References Al-Hammar, A. (1999). The Arabic Music. The Time Machine, College of Education, University of Florida. Retrieved November 25, 2008 from http://www. coe. ufl. edu/webtech/Timemachine/music/Arabic/answer. htm. Drumdojo. com. (2008). Equipment. Drumdojo. com. Retrieved November 24, 2008 from http://www. drumdojo. com/equipment. htm.